<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726</id><updated>2012-01-25T11:57:06.340+01:00</updated><category term='50 milliards de perte'/><category term='fonds de fonds'/><category term='droit des actionnaires'/><category term='Investissement socialement responsable'/><category term='fenêtres'/><category term='gestion alternative'/><category term='démission d&apos;administrateurs'/><category term='Les monétaires dynamiques'/><category term='fiscalité des traders'/><category term='seuil de déclenchement des OPA'/><category term='accor'/><category term='place de paris'/><category term='rapport Field'/><category term='président directeur général'/><category term='OPA'/><category term='gates'/><category term='séparation des pouvoirs'/><category term='remunerations'/><category term='protection des entreprises francaises'/><category term='Bernard Madoff'/><category term='Investissement éthique'/><category term='bonus'/><category term='gouvernance'/><category term='hedge funds'/><category term='G20'/><category term='AMF'/><title type='text'>PhiTrust Engagement Actionnarial</title><subtitle type='html'>Le blog dédié aux échanges sur les questions fondamentales pour l'amélioration des enjeux ESG. 
L'engagement actionnarial ou l'activisme ISR est au fondement de la stratégie d'investissement PhiTrust.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>52</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-5450687892596689956</id><published>2011-11-30T14:42:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-13T14:44:11.178+01:00</updated><title type='text'>4 propositions pour réguler les marchés financiers</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Alorsque les marchés semblent totalement perturbés par une volatilité sansprécédent, nous avons quatre propositions simples (et iconoclastes&amp;nbsp;!) pourremettre de la cohérence et de la transparence dans les marchés&amp;nbsp;:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;1.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Les Banques Centrales devraient êtreles seuls actionnaires des places de marché&amp;nbsp;:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Lerôle central joué par les places de marché et la nécessité de coter lesinstruments financiers pour plus de transparence&amp;nbsp; nous oblige à considérer qu’elles nedevraient pas dépendre du secteur privé mais bien de banques centrales pour queleur seule préoccupation soit &lt;b&gt;latransparence des opérations et le développement de centres opérationnelsindépendants des acteurs de marché&lt;/b&gt; eux-mêmes pour assurer un contrôle et unsuivi des transactions réalisées.&amp;nbsp;L’exemple de Nyse-Euronext qui déplace son centre informatique à Londrespour faciliter le trading à haute fréquence montre que leur préoccupation premièreest le développement des volumes de transaction et donc des revenus pourgénérer un résultat opérationnel élevé, alors qu’elle devrait se focaliser surla sécurisation et la transparence des opérations réalisées. Les régulateursauraient certainement un impact beaucoup plus important (transparence,sécurisation des transactions… ) si les places de marché dépendaient desbanques centrales et si l’ensemble des transactions devaient&amp;nbsp; y être débouclées.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;2.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;L’interdiction du trading à hautefréquence&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Alorsque le nombre de transactions est de plus en plus élevé, les statistiqueslaissent&amp;nbsp; pantois les investisseurs quenous sommes&amp;nbsp;: 70% de la liquidité du marché serait assuré par cestransactions à haute fréquence et plus de 90% des ordres seraientannulés&amp;nbsp;!&amp;nbsp; En d’autre tempsl’annulation quasi systématique d’ordre quand le marché ne bouge pas commeanticipé s’appelait de la &lt;b&gt;manipulationde cours&lt;/b&gt; … Tous les vieux boursiers se rappellent des confrèrescondamnés&amp;nbsp; ou poursuivis pour des délits mineurscomparés à la volatilité engendrée par ces opérations liées à une modélisationmathématique sophistiquée où l’homme a bien peu de responsabilité&amp;nbsp;; et neparlons pas des erreurs qui ont amené à interrompre momentanément le marché carles ordres n’étaient plus contrôlés.... &amp;nbsp;Les résultats engendrés par le trading hautefréquence dans les quelques banques disposant de l’infrastructureintellectuelle et informatique pour ce faire montrent clairement unedissymétrie et une asymétrie qu’il est urgent&amp;nbsp;de supprimer en interdisant ce genre de pratiques hautement néfaste pourla liquidité du marché ou les entreprises recherchent des investisseurs de &amp;nbsp;long terme.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;3.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;L’interdiction du prêt / emprunt detitres&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Alorsmême que les entreprises se plaignent de ne plus connaitre leurs investisseurscar ils ont prêtés leur titres à d’autres investisseurs, combiend’investisseurs&amp;nbsp; savent que leurs titresont été prêtés&amp;nbsp;? Cette non transparence des établissementsdépositaires&amp;nbsp; n’a jamais été remise encause par les banques… et pour cause&amp;nbsp;! La multiplication des produitssophistiqués et complexes est principalement basée sur le prêt de titres quandcelui-ci ne permet pas une manipulation de marché. Une interdiction totale duprêt de titres aurait le mérite de limiter la prolifération de produitscomplexes qu’aucune équipe ne maitrise réellement sur le long terme et derendre à l’investissement en actions une légitimité qu’il a perdu depuislongtemps. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;4.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;L’interdiction des «&amp;nbsp;Créditdefault swaps&amp;nbsp;»&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Cesinstruments de couverture n’en ont aujourd’hui que le nom … et créent despositions hors bilan dont bien peu de banquiers/ assureurs connaissent lesrisques sous jacents aujourd’hui…( Demandez à un banquier ou assureur la taillede son hors bilan et les méthodes utilisées pour le valoriser… vous seriezétonnés de la réponse que nous avons eu&amp;nbsp;!). Mais comme ces produits génèrentde confortables revenus à court terme pour les équipes les fabriquant,&amp;nbsp; bien peu de banques ont le courage d’ arrêterces activités qui leur permettent de compenser les pertes qu’elles doiventassumer par ailleurs.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Qu’attendons nous dedemander ces modifications urgentes en tant qu’investisseur de longterme&amp;nbsp;? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Une vraie prise deconscience des investisseurs nous parait être urgente pour créer un vraimouvement de fond qui amène les régulateurs, banquiers centraux et hommespolitiques à oser prendre les queslques mesures que beaucoup d’investisseurs etbanquiers appelent de leur vœu pour redonner à la finance et à la banque seslettres de&amp;nbsp; noblesse pour redonnerconfiance aux investisseurs.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Olivier de Guerre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;olivier.deguerre@phitrust.com&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-5450687892596689956?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5450687892596689956'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5450687892596689956'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/12/4-propositions-pour-reguler-les-marches.html' title='4 propositions pour réguler les marchés financiers'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author><georss:featurename>41 Rue Boissy d&amp;#39;Anglas, 75008 Paris, France</georss:featurename><georss:point>48.8701023 2.3224763</georss:point><georss:box>48.8674913 2.3175407999999997 48.8727133 2.3274118</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-1456828581009117389</id><published>2011-11-30T10:47:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-19T10:50:06.019+01:00</updated><title type='text'>4 suggestions for regulating financial markets</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;At a time when markets have clearly been thrownoff balance by the unprecedented volatility, we would like to offer four simplebut innovative suggestions to restore consistency and transparency to markets:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The soleshareholders in the market should be the central banks:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The central role played bymarkets and the need to rate financial instruments in order to improvetransparency lead us to the conclusion that markets should not be attached to theprivate sector but rather to the central banks, so that the sole issues atstake are &lt;b&gt;transaction transparency and the development of trading centresthat are independent of the market players &lt;/b&gt;themselves. Such a solution would enable the transactions carried out to bemonitored and controlled.&amp;nbsp;The case of NYSE Euronext, which ismoving its data centre to &lt;st1:city w:st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st="on"&gt;London&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;in order to encourage high-frequency trading, shows that its primary concern isto increase trading volumes, and thus revenues, so as to maximise operatingprofits, whereas it should be focusing on transaction security and transparency.The regulators would surely make a stronger impact in terms of transparency,transaction security etc. if the markets were placed under the authority of thecentral banks and if all transactions had to be concluded here.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt; A ban on high-frequencytrading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;While the number of transactionsnever ceases to climb, the statistics are somewhat shocking for investors likeus: high-frequency transactions account for 70% of market liquidity, and over 90%of orders are cancelled!&amp;nbsp;In the good old days, the virtually systematiccancellation of orders at times of market inertia was branded as &lt;b&gt;stock price manipulation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;… All stockexchange veterans have recollections of colleagues condemned or prosecuted for relativelyminor offences compared to the volatility generated by modern transactions,which are governed by a sophisticated mathematical model in which human beingsplay little part; not to mention errors that have led to the temporary interruptionof trading as orders ran out of control.... The results generated byhigh-frequency trading in the few banks that possess the requisite intellectualand technological infrastructure clearly reveal a degree of distortion andimbalance which must swiftly be eliminated by means of a ban on this type ofpractice, highly damaging to liquidity in a market where companies are lookingfor long-term investors.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt; A ban on securitieslending&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;While companies complain that they no longerknow who their investors are, as they have lent their securities to otherinvestors, how many investors actually know whether their securities have beenlent? The lack of transparency on the part of custodians has never beenquestioned by the banks – not surprisingly! The multitude of complex,sophisticated products is mainly based on the lending of securities and thispractice can lead to market manipulation. A total ban on securities lendingwould have the benefit of curtailing the proliferation of complex products thatno team is really able to control in the long run and would restore long-lostlegitimacy to equity investment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt; A ban on “creditdefault swaps”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Nowadays, CDSs are hedging instruments only inname … and they create off-balance sheet positions in respect of which fewbankers and insurers are aware of the underlying risks …(Ask a banker orinsurer the size of their off-balance sheet commitments and the methods used tovalue them - you will be astonished at the replies we obtained!). However, asthese products generate comfortable short-term revenues for the teams thatcreate them, few banks have the courage to stop this practice, which serves tocompensate for losses incurred elsewhere.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;As long-terminvestors, we need to call for urgent changes to be made – what are we waitingfor?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;We areconvinced of the urgent need for investors to create a real grass-roots lobbyto compel regulators, central bankers and policymakers to pluck up the courageto take the few measures that many investors and bankers are calling for attheir own initiative in order to restore dignity to the financial and bankingsectors and confidence to investors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Olivier de Guerre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Investor and Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-1456828581009117389?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/1456828581009117389'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/1456828581009117389'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/11/4-suggestions-for-regulating-financial.html' title='4 suggestions for regulating financial markets'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author><georss:featurename>8 Rue Boissy d&amp;#39;Anglas, 75008 Paris, France</georss:featurename><georss:point>48.8673915 2.3208891</georss:point><georss:box>48.864779999999996 2.3159536 48.870003 2.3258246000000002</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-4818693645288144064</id><published>2011-10-31T17:19:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-30T17:19:47.906+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Why adopt an investment strategy that favours the companies having the best governance today?</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"&gt;As the crisis lingers on withthe risk of Greek default and the to-ing and fro-ing of the various politicalleaders, investors are worried about the risks of default by sovereignborrowers, the extremely low level of short-term rates, the risk of zero growthin Europe and the US, market volatility, etc. Basically, there is zerovisibility and they have no idea what strategy to adopt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;However, despite this troubledenvironment, the most globalised companies are proving surprisingly resilientin view of the fact that most analysts predicted sharp falls in profits againsta backdrop of virtual world recession. Although it is difficult to generalise, itis clear that since the 2007 crisis companies have learnt to manage theirresults in a shifting environment and that some industries, such as the luxuryindustry, are impertinently showing good health compared to other sectors thathave been led astray by expectations of a general slowdown.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;We have a paradoxicalsituation in which many companies are posting unprecedentedly high levels ofdividend yield, whilst, for some of them, every dip in their share price leadsto a sharp fall in their net asset value, exposing them to a hostile or gradualtakeover.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;In this highly volatileenvironment, do companies with the best corporate governance practices performbetter than their peers?&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;This theory, hotly debated by sociallyresponsible analysts, acquires full relevance in the midst of the crisis, as itposes a direct question as to the most efficient criteria for identifying thecompanies that will be able to weather the crisis without sinking.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;Our investment strategy provedhighly resilient to this summer’s stock market crisis and financial marketvolatility, enabling us to outperform the CAC 40 (dividends reinvested) by 2.1%in 2011 year to date. This performance has been made possible by a cautiousapproach to risk, with a tracking error&amp;nbsp;of 2.4% despite increased marketvolatility since June 2011.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;This original investmentstrategy that is applied to our Proxy Active Investors fund has been built onour experience as engaged minority shareholders since 2004. The originality ofthe method consists mainly in its combination of quantitative management (aimingto identify the impact of corporate governance on the evolution of thecompany’s share price) and qualitative management (aiming to take account ofcompanies’ “reactivity” to our suggestions to improve their corporategovernance).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;By overweighting companiesthat have listened to us, and by underweighting companies that haven’t, we havebuilt up a portfolio that embodies a conviction: the best governed companies,and those that listen to their shareholders, are in the best position to beable to adapt to stakeholder developments in their efforts to survive thecrisis and ensure the successful development of their business model.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;Our results so far this yearshow that this approach is proving resilient to the present crisis, and we hopethat you will join the investors who have chosen to trust us in theimplementation of conviction-driven management that listens to shareholders.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;Olivier de Guerre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;PhiTrustActive Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;Investor andShareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: FR;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-4818693645288144064?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/4818693645288144064'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/4818693645288144064'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/10/why-adopt-investment-strategy-that.html' title='Why adopt an investment strategy that favours the companies having the best governance today?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author><georss:featurename>41 Rue Boissy d&amp;#39;Anglas, 75008 Paris, France</georss:featurename><georss:point>48.8701023 2.3224763</georss:point><georss:box>48.8674913 2.3175407999999997 48.8727133 2.3274118</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-5710080848453043120</id><published>2011-10-31T10:27:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-14T10:30:39.958+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Pourquoi adopter une stratégie d’investissement privilégiant les entreprises les mieux gouvernées aujourd’hui ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;  &lt;o:RelyOnVML/&gt;  &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt; &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;  &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;  &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;  &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;  &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;  &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;  &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;  &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;  &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;  &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;  &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;  &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;   &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;   &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;   &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;   &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;   &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;   &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;   &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;   &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;   &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;   &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;  &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;  &lt;m:mathPr&gt;   &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;   &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;   &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;   &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;   &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;   &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;   &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;   &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;   &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;   &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;   &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;  &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt; &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;  &lt;o:RelyOnVML/&gt;  &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt; &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;  &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;  &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;  &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;  &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;  &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;  &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;  &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;  &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;  &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;  &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;  &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;   &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;   &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;   &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;   &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;   &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;   &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;   &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;   &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;   &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;   &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;  &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;  &lt;m:mathPr&gt;   &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;   &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;   &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;   &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;   &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;   &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;   &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;   &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;   &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;   &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;   &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;  &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt; &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;  &lt;o:RelyOnVML/&gt;  &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt; &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;  &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;  &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;  &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;  &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;  &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;  &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;  &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;  &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;  &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;  &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;  &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;   &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;   &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;   &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;   &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;   &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;   &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;   &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;   &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;   &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;   &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;  &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;  &lt;m:mathPr&gt;   &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;   &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;   &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;   &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;   &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;   &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;   &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;   &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;   &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;   &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;   &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;  &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt; &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Alors même que la crise n’enfinit pas aujourd’hui avec les risques de défaut Grec et les allers et retours &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;des différents acteurs politiques, lesinvestisseurs sont inquiets des risques de défaut des emprunteurs souverains,du niveau extrêmement bas des taux à court terme, des risques de croissancenulle en Europe et aux Etats Unis, de la volatilité des marchés…. Bref ils nesavent plus quelle stratégie adopter n’ayant plus de visibilité.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Et pourtant, dans cecontexte très difficile, les entreprises les plus mondialisées résistentétonnamment aux&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;prédictions de laplupart des analystes qui avaient anticipé une forte baisse de leurs résultatsdans un monde en quasi récession. S’il est difficile de généraliser, force estde constater que depuis la crise de 2007, les entreprises ont appris à gérer leurrésultats dans un monde qui change et que certains secteurs comme le luxeaffichent une insolente santé devant d’autres secteurs malmenés par lesanticipations d’un ralentissement généralisé.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Paradoxalement de nombreusesentreprises affichent aujourd’hui un rendement des dividendes historiquementtrès élevé et chaque accident de leur cours de bourse génère pour certainesentreprises une forte décote par rapport à leur actif net, les mettant dans unefragilité en cas d’OPA ou prise de contrôle rampante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Dans cet univers extrêmementvolatil, les entreprises qui ont les meilleures pratiques de gouvernance ont-ellesmieux performées que leurs pairs ?&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Cettehypothèse maintes fois débattue par les analystes socialement responsablesprend tout son sens au milieu de la crise car&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;elle nous interroge directement sur les critères les plus efficientspour identifier les entreprises qui sauront traverser la crise «&amp;nbsp;sanscasse&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Notre stratégied’investissement a très bien résisté à la crise boursière de cet été et à lavolatilité des marchés financiers, avec une surperformance en 2011 de 2,1% parrapport à l’indice CAC 40 dividendes réinvestis. Cette performance a été renduepossible par une approche prudente du risque avec un «&amp;nbsp;trackingerror&amp;nbsp;» 2,4% malgré la volatilité accrue des marchés depuis juin 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Cette stratégie originale d’investissementmise en œuvre dans notre SICAV Proxy Active Investors a été construite grâce à notreexpérience d’actionnaires minoritaires engagés depuis 2004. L’originalité de laméthode tient principalement en la convergence d’une gestion quantitative(visant à identifier l’impact de la gouvernance sur l’évolution du cours debourse d’une société) et d’une gestion qualitative (visant à prendre en comptela «&amp;nbsp;réactivité&amp;nbsp;» des entreprises à nos propositions d’améliorationde la gouvernance).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;En surpondérant lesentreprises qui nous ont écoutés et en sous pondérant les autres qui ne nousont pas écoutés, nous avons construit un portefeuille qui reflète uneconviction&amp;nbsp;: les entreprises les mieux gouvernées et à l’écoute de leursactionnaires seront celles qui devraient s’adapter à l’évolution de leursparties prenantes pour essayer de traverser la crise&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;et de réussir leur modèle de développement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Nos résultats de cette annéemontrent que cette approche résiste bien à la crise actuelle et nous espéronsque vous rejoindrez les investisseurs qui nous ont fait confiance pour mettreen œuvre une gestion de conviction basée sur l’écoute des actionnaires.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;Olivier de Guerre&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-5710080848453043120?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5710080848453043120'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5710080848453043120'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/10/pourquoi-adopter-une-strategie.html' title='Pourquoi adopter une stratégie d’investissement privilégiant les entreprises les mieux gouvernées aujourd’hui ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author><georss:featurename>41 Rue Boissy d&amp;#39;Anglas, 75008 Paris, France</georss:featurename><georss:point>48.8701023 2.3224763</georss:point><georss:box>48.8674913 2.3175407999999997 48.8727133 2.3274118</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-5322395073704040528</id><published>2011-09-30T17:36:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-28T17:39:11.523+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Should bank business lines be separated?</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;The present European bankingcrisis has led many observers to question the legitimacy of the“jack-of-all-trades” business model successfully developed by French banks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;Many bankers and financierssee this as an absurd question, as this model has allowed banks to develop adiversified approach to risks that allows each division to rely on the strengthsof the others: thus merchant banks and corporate and investment banks have beenable to rely on the security of the deposits held in their retail divisions asa reliable and low-cost source of funding and to sell structured products toasset management teams. But the banks have also been able to develop a newapproach to their corporate business by developing a large number of specificcompany-oriented products.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;In fact, the crisishighlights the systemic risk that would occur today if a first rank bankinginstitution was to go bankrupt – the resulting seismic shock would probably beeven greater than the one that followed the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Ifthis happens, regulators will have no choice but to require the banks either tostrengthen their equity capital or to sell off some of their activities so asto comply with the regulations – some banks have indeed just decided to do this.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;There are other arguments,however, for separating bank business lines. One of these is the risk of conflictsof interest arising from efforts to maximise income, where the more profitabledivisions use the distribution networks to sell their products without allowingcustomer relations managers to question the risk borne in the end by theborrower (whether institutional, corporate, local authority or private individual),as this would throw doubt on the group’s business development model.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;A further argument is the widecompensation gap between retail and investment bankers, a scenario that breedsmistrust and suspicion within the bank, breaks team spirit and eventuallycauses deep rifts within the institution.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;Then there is the choice of strategieswith a view to optimising the bank’s performance. There is a tendency to optfor high-yield strategies aimed at strengthening equity capital, rewarding theteams responsible for generating these profits and maximising shareholder (orstock option holder) return, strategies that have led many banks to attributefar too much importance to the most profitable, and therefore most risky,operations.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;To clarify one point, our aimis not to abolish merchant banks and corporate and investment banks, which havesuccessfully developed innovative products in response to the growingsophistication of risk management, but rather to restore consistency to thebanking sector in terms of financial performance, compensation levels andassociated risks. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;It is up to each one of us,whether shareholder, employee or customer, to choose the bank best suited toour requirements, bearing in mind that those with the biggest profits also incurthe greatest risks, and could therefore go bankrupt.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;"&gt;In any country, theshareholders are entitled to ask at the AGM that the company articles ofassociation be amended in order to separate the business lines. Will they assumetheir responsibilities?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #444444; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Olivier de Guerre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #444444; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #444444; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Investor and Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;PhiTrust&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444;"&gt;41 rue Boissy d'Anglas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444;"&gt;75008 - Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Tel.: +33 1 55 35 07 55 - Fax: +33 1 55 35 07 50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.phitrust.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444;"&gt;www.phitrust.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-5322395073704040528?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5322395073704040528'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5322395073704040528'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/09/should-bank-business-lines-be-separated.html' title='Should bank business lines be separated?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author><georss:featurename>41 Rue Boissy d&amp;#39;Anglas, 75008 Paris, France</georss:featurename><georss:point>48.8701023 2.3224763</georss:point><georss:box>48.8674913 2.3175407999999997 48.8727133 2.3274118</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-6402004476166071477</id><published>2011-09-30T11:37:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-18T11:39:25.056+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Faut-il séparer les métiers des banques ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Lanouvelle crise bancaire européenne amène de nombreux observateurs às’interroger sur le modèle de banque universelle notamment développé par lesbanques françaises avec succès.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Cettequestion parait saugrenue pour beaucoup de banquiers et financiers car elle apermis de développer une approche diversifiée des risques en permettant àchaque branche de s’appuyer sur les forces des autres&amp;nbsp;: ainsi les banquesde marché et de financement ont pu se financer sur la base fiable et peucoûteuse de dépôts de leur banque de détail, ont pu vendre des produitsstructurés aux équipes de gestion d’actifs&amp;nbsp;; mais les banques ont pu aussidévelopper une nouvelle approche de leur métier auprès des entreprises endéveloppant de nombreux produits spécifiques pour les entreprises.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Lacrise met en effet en exergue le risque systémique qu’engendrerait aujourd’huila faillite d’un établissement bancaire de premier plan, car elle induirait unesecousse probablement supérieure à celle provoquée par la chute de LehmanBrothers, ce qui ne peut qu’amener les régulateurs à exiger soit unrenforcement des fonds propres des banques, soit des cessions partiellesd’activités pour répondre aux exigences règlementaires &amp;nbsp;ce que viennent de décider certaines d’entreelles).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Maisil est d’autres arguments qui&amp;nbsp; militentpour la séparation des métiers bancaires&amp;nbsp;:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;Lerisque de conflit d’intérêts pour maximiser les revenus qui amène les divisionsles plus rentables à utiliser les réseaux de distribution pour vendre leursproduits sans que le responsable clientèle puisse s’interroger sur le risquesupporté in fine par l’emprunteur (qu’il soit institutionnel, entreprise,collectivité locale ou particulier), car il met en cause le modèle dedéveloppement du groupe&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;Lesrémunérations excessivement disparates entre le banquier de détail et lebanquier d’affaires qui crée une défiance/suspicion à l’intérieur même desbanques cassant de fait «&amp;nbsp;l’affectio societatis&amp;nbsp;» au sein del’établissement, créant de réelles disparités au sein des établissements;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;Lechoix de stratégies optimisant les résultats de la banque et privilégiant de cefait les plus rentables pour augmenter les fonds propres, rémunérer les équipesqui génèrent ces profits et maximiser le rendement pour l’actionnaire (ou ledétenteur de stock options…), ce qui a amené de nombreuses banques à donner unpoids beaucoup trop important aux activités les plus rentables et donc les plusrisquées&amp;nbsp;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Entendonsnous bien, notre propos n’est pas de supprimer les banques de marché et definancement qui ont su développer des produits innovants pour répondre à unegestion des risques de plus en plus sophistiquée. Il s’agit de recréer desenvironnements homogènes en termes de performance financière, de rémunérationdes équipes et de risques associés. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Achacun, actionnaire, salarié, ou client de choisir la banque qui convient lemieux à ce qu’il recherche, les établissements les plus rémunérateurs étant defait les plus risqués et donc pouvant faire faillite.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Danstous les pays, les actionnaires peuvent demander en Assemblée Générale demodifier les statuts pour séparer les métiers. Sauront-ils prendre leursresponsabilités&amp;nbsp;?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;Olivier de Guerre&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-6402004476166071477?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/6402004476166071477'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/6402004476166071477'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/09/faut-il-separer-les-metiers-des-banques.html' title='Faut-il séparer les métiers des banques ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author><georss:featurename>PhiTrust Active Investors</georss:featurename><georss:point>48.8701023 2.3224763</georss:point><georss:box>48.8674913 2.3175407999999997 48.8727133 2.3274118</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-2033798403054007395</id><published>2011-08-31T17:50:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-05T17:52:41.279+02:00</updated><title type='text'>What kind of financial market governance?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;  &lt;o:RelyOnVML/&gt;  &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt; &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;  &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;  &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;  &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;  &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;  &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;  &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;  &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;  &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;  &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;  &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;  &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;  &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;   &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;   &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;   &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;   &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;   &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;   &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;   &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;   &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;   &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;   &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;  &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;  &lt;m:mathPr&gt;   &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;   &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;   &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;   &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;   &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;   &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;   &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;   &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;   &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;   &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;   &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;  &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;  &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt; &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable	{mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal";	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;	mso-style-noshow:yes;	mso-style-priority:99;	mso-style-qformat:yes;	mso-style-parent:"";	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;	mso-para-margin:0cm;	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;	font-size:11.0pt;	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #8c848c; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Whilefears of a default by a European state compounded by anticipation of asignificant slowdown in the US and Europe send stock markets plunging and putmany players on their guard, it is astounding to observe the discrepancy thatexists between the real economy and the financial world. Though it may be truethat financiers are able to anticipate the markets (sometimes even anticipatingpossible anticipation…), sudden movements and increased volatility areheightened by regulations that are no longer fit for today’s purpose.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Inour opinion, three measures are now needed to try to steer back on a course toreason financial players who are running adrift, helmless and without acaptain.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Modifying the rules for valuing financialassets. &lt;/b&gt;The implementation of mark-to-market for all financial players(whether long-term investors or speculators) automatically leads them to reducetheir exposure to risk even if they were prepared to maintain a position overthe long term. Regulators need to urgently come up with different rules forinvestors, proposing that mark-to-market not be used to value products thatinvestors/banks/insurers might hold for 15/20 years, which would enable themnot to fund these loans, now considered questionable, at a level of 50/80%.Such a measure was applied in the 1990s to enable European banks to carrylosses on property financing. It could be rapidly implemented for Greece, defacto reducing the burden of non-repayment and giving Greece the time to payback its debt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Prohibiting securities lending/borrowing bydepositaries without the knowledge of the owner of the securities&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;For all non-speculative marketplayers, this mechanism which is supposed to promote liquidity is these dayslike catching a falling knife. It encourages the creation of increasingly morecomplex products and growing speculation since the majority of depositary bankslend their securities without even alerting investors... The proliferation offinancial products and accelerated rates of volatility could be significantlylowered if the securities lending/borrowing activity was considerably reduced.This measure would be strongly opposed by banks/market players who thrive onthe proliferation of complex products; however it is now indispensable if wewant to return to responsible financing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;ECB buyback from marketplaces. &lt;/b&gt;Theprivatisation and proliferation of marketplaces on the pretext of promotingcompetition now distorts play since many transactions take place outside of themarket with zero transparency. The nationalisation of European marketplaces andthe requirement that transactions take place on these markets would enable theECB to regulate the market and to monitor in particular when transactionsbecome abnormal (in fast trading for example).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;However,these necessary measures would probably lead regulators to separate the variousfinancial activities in order to ensure that commercial banks are not put atrisk by speculation, that management companies have the ability to refuseinvestment bank products and that investment banks have the necessary equitycapital to ensure their sustainability in the event of an incident affectingtheir trading strategies. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Confrontedwith the current financial crisis, it is a matter of urgency for the financialsystem to return to its primary function: serving the needs of the realeconomy, a function completely forgotten by the major players whose mainpreoccupation today is preserving the model that has ensured them 30 years ofgrowth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Olivier de Guerre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;PhiTrustActive Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Investor and Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #8c848c; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;41 rue Boissy d'Anglas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #8c848c; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;75008 - Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #8c848c; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Tel.: +33 1 55 35 07 55 - Fax: +33 1 5535 07 50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.phitrust.com/"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #abb820; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;www.phitrust.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #8c848c; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-2033798403054007395?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/2033798403054007395'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/2033798403054007395'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/08/what-kind-of-financial-market.html' title='What kind of financial market governance?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-1831443252949790474</id><published>2011-08-31T11:31:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-04T11:32:34.616+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Quelle gouvernance pour les marchés financiers ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;Alors que la crainte d’un défaut d’un état européen &lt;span id="goog_1874012805"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="goog_1874012806"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;associé à des anticipations de fort ralentissement aux USA et en Europe fait plonger les bourses et crée une défiance de nombreux acteurs, il est stupéfiant de constater le décalage entre l’économie réelle et le monde financier. S’il est vrai que les financiers anticipent (et même parfois anticipent l’anticipation possible…), la brutalité des mouvements et l’accroissement de la volatilité sont amplifiées par une régulation devenue inadaptée aujourd’hui.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;	Trois mesures nous paraissent aujourd’hui nécessaires pour «&amp;nbsp;ramener à la raison&amp;nbsp;» autant que faire ce peut les acteurs de la finance qui ne paraissent plus contrôler le bateau qui dérive sans capitaine&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;	1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Une modification de la règle de valorisation des actifs financiers. &lt;/strong&gt;La mise en œuvre du «&amp;nbsp;mark to market&amp;nbsp;» pour l’ensemble des acteurs financiers (qu’ils soient&amp;nbsp; investisseurs de long terme ou spéculateurs) les amène&amp;nbsp; mécaniquement à&amp;nbsp; diminuer leur exposition au risque même s’ils étaient prêts à garder une position sur le long terme. Il est urgent que les régulateurs proposent des règles différentes pour les investisseurs en proposant de ne pas évaluer en «&amp;nbsp;mark to market&amp;nbsp;» &amp;nbsp;les produits que les investisseurs/banques/assureurs&amp;nbsp; garderaient 15/20 ans, ce qui leur permettrait de ne pas provisionner à 50/80% ces créances aujourd’hui considérées comme douteuses. Une telle mesure a été appliquée dans les années 1990 pour permettre aux banques européennes de porter les pertes sur le financement immobilier. Elle pourrait être rapidement mise en place pour la Grèce, allégeant de facto le poids du non remboursement et donnant à la Grèce du temps pour rembourser sa dette.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;	2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;L’interdiction du prêt/emprunt de titres par les dépositaires sans que le propriétaire des titres soit au courant.&lt;/strong&gt;Ce mécanisme censé favoriser la liquidité joue aujourd’hui contre tous les acteurs non spéculatifs du marché. Il favorise la création de produits toujours plus complexes et le développement de la spéculation car la plupart des banques dépositaires prêtent les titres sans même avertir l’investisseur… La multiplication des produits financiers et l’accélération de la volatilité peut être fortement diminuée si l’activité de prêt/emprunts de titres est fortement réduite. Cette mesure sera fortement contestée par les banques/acteurs de marché qui vivent de la multiplication des produits complexes, mais elle est aujourd’hui incontournable si l’on veut revenir à une finance responsable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;	3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Le rachat par la BCE des places de marché. &lt;/strong&gt;La privatisation et la multiplication des places de marché au prétexte de favoriser la concurrence fausse aujourd’hui le jeu car de multiples opérations ont lieu hors marché sans transparence. Une nationalisation des places européennes et l’obligation que les transactions aient lieu sur ces marchés permettrait à la BCE de réguler le marché et de le contrôler notamment quand les transactions deviennent anormales (dans le «&amp;nbsp;fast trading&amp;nbsp;» par exemple).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;	Mais ces mesures nécessaires&amp;nbsp; amèneront probablement les régulateurs à séparer les différentes activités financières afin de s’assurer que les banques de dépôt ne soient pas mises en risque par de la spéculation, que les sociétés de gestion aient la capacité de refuser des produits de la banque d’investissement et que les banques d’investissement aient les fonds propres nécessaires pour assurer leur pérennité en cas d’accident dans leur stratégies de trading.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;	Face à la crise actuelle, il est urgent que le&amp;nbsp; système financier revienne à sa fonction première&amp;nbsp;: servir les besoins de l’économie réelle, fonction bien oubliée par de grands acteurs qui ont plus aujourd’hui comme préoccupation principale celle de faire survivre le modèle qui leur a permis de se développer depuis 30 ans.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;	Olivier de Guerre&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;	&lt;strong&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;	&lt;em&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-1831443252949790474?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/1831443252949790474'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/1831443252949790474'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/08/quelle-gouvernance-pour-les-marches.html' title='Quelle gouvernance pour les marchés financiers ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-2553543517377293840</id><published>2011-06-02T14:04:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-02T14:07:40.414+02:00</updated><title type='text'>What type of governance for Carrefour?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;As the (somewhat rowdy) General Meeting of Carrefour drew to a close, the Chairman of the Board of Directors informed shareholders that he was stepping down as Chairman of the company and that the position of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer would be entrusted to the CEO, Mr Lars Olofsson. A final instalment worthy of the greatest corporate sagas where, since the death of Chairman-CEO Mr Paul Louis Halley and the decision by the founding families not to renew their shareholder pact, shareholders have witnessed a chain of events without reacting, particularly when two minority shareholders, the Arnault Group and Colony Capital, took control of the company with less than 10% of the share capital.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;When the economic crisis struck the Carrefour Group, one strategic change of direction and new management team followed another, with an impression of purely financial decisions in light of the uncertainties weighing on the successive strategies implemented: two years ago, the idea of selling off the non-strategic subsidiaries (Brazil and China) was raised and today Brazil has become a strategic issue… &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;These events which place one of the flagships of our recent entrepreneurial history in turmoil clearly demonstrate, if proof were needed, the difficulty of capital development when the Board of Directors does not have the legitimacy to support the development of governance. And it is precisely a crisis of governance that has been on everyone’s lips now for several years at Carrefour. A crisis that has gradually shown its face over a number of years and which has demonstrated the inability of the Board of Directors to implement a clear strategy with a medium/long-term vision.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;The sizeable number of minority shareholders in Carrefour’s capital makes it difficult for a grouping of shareholders to emerge who would have been able to counterbalance the decisions taken from a financial stance by shareholders who have little experience in the large-scale retail sector.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;This raises the issue of the ability of shareholders, whether institutional or private individuals, to support an executive management weakened by a minority shareholder set on taking rampant control of the company. Yet, the directors are elected by shareholders and they could have and still could vote against the election or the renewal of some directors who do not represent the interests of all shareholders. Very few investors these days dare to vote against a director in a General Meeting, despite the fact that this is where the Board of Directors, sovereign in its decisions, is constituted.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Clearly, Carrefour is in need of a new Board of Directors capable of supporting its development. Would a solution be forthcoming from Brazilian shareholders if they were to become the main shareholders in Carrefour?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Investor and Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-2553543517377293840?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.phitrust.com/index.php?lg=US' title='What type of governance for Carrefour?'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/2553543517377293840'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/2553543517377293840'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/08/what-type-of-governance-for-carrefour.html' title='What type of governance for Carrefour?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-3113958568853477525</id><published>2011-06-02T09:57:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-02T14:08:13.766+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Quelle gouvernance pour Carrefour?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Alors que l’Assemblée Générale de la société Carrefour&amp;nbsp; (un peu houleuse) se terminait, le Président du Conseil d’administration a informé les actionnaires qu’il se retirait de la Présidence de la société et que les fonctions de Président et de Directeur Général allaient être confiées au directeur général, M. Lars Olofsson. Ultime épisode d’un roman digne des meilleures histoires d’entreprise où depuis la mort du PDG M. Paul Louis Halley et la décision des familles fondatrices de ne pas renouveler leur pacte d’actionnaires, les actionnaires ont assisté aux évènements successifs&amp;nbsp; sans réagir,&amp;nbsp; notamment lorsque deux actionnaires minoritaires, le groupe Arnault et Colony Capital prenaient le contrôle de l’entreprise avec moins de 10% du capital.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Alors que la crise frappait le groupe Carrefour, les virages stratégiques et les équipes dirigeantes se sont succédé,&amp;nbsp; avec une impression de décisions purement financières&amp;nbsp; compte tenu des incertitudes pesant&amp;nbsp; sur les stratégies mises en œuvre successivement&amp;nbsp;: il y a deux ans était évoqué la cession des filiales non stratégiques (Brésil et Chine) et aujourd’hui le Brésil devient un enjeu stratégique …&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Ces évènements qui mettent en difficulté l’un des fleurons de notre histoire entrepreneuriale récente montre bien, s’il en était besoin, la difficulté d’une évolution capitalistique quand le Conseil d’Administration n’a pas la légitimité d’accompagner l’évolution de la gouvernance. Et c’est bien d’une crise de gouvernance dont nous parlons depuis plusieurs années chez Carrefour. Crise qui s’est révélée peu à peu depuis plusieurs années&amp;nbsp; et qui a montré&amp;nbsp; l’incapacité du Conseil d’administration à mettre en œuvre une stratégie claire avec une vision de moyen/long terme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;La multiplicité des actionnaires minoritaires dans le capital de Carrefour rend difficile l’émergence d’un regroupement d’actionnaires qui aurait permis de contrebalancer des décisions prises avec une vision&amp;nbsp; financière par des actionnaires ayant peu d’expérience de la grande distribution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Cela&amp;nbsp; nous interpelle sur la capacité des actionnaires qu'ils soient institutionnels ou particuliers,&amp;nbsp; à soutenir une direction générale fragilisée par un actionnaire minoritaire décidé à prendre le contrôle rampant de la société. Or, les administrateurs sont élus par les actionnaires et ils auraient pu et pourraient aujourd’hui voter contre l’élection ou le renouvellement&amp;nbsp; de certains administrateurs qui ne représenteraient pas l’intérêt de tous les actionnaires. Bien peu d’investisseurs osent aujourd’hui voter contre un administrateur en Assemblée Générale, alors que c’est là que se constitue le Conseil d’administration, souverain dans ses décisions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;De toute évidence, Carrefour a besoin d’un nouveau Conseil d’Administration capable d’accompagner son développement. La solution viendrait-elle d'actionnaires brésiliens s’ils deviennent les principaux actionnaires de Carrefour?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Phitrust Active Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-3113958568853477525?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/3113958568853477525'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/3113958568853477525'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/07/quelle-gouvernance-pour-carrefour.html' title='Quelle gouvernance pour Carrefour?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-3477181432309012308</id><published>2011-05-27T15:40:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-05-27T15:40:29.093+02:00</updated><title type='text'>AG de Total  et de la Société Générale… : vous avez dit "Muraille de Chine" ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Depuis de nombreuses années les régulateurs ont souhaité mettre en place au sein des établissements financiers et bancaires des règles strictes permettant d’éviter les éventuels conflits d’intérêts qui ne peuvent que survenir lorsque des clients sont communs à des activités distinctes&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dans un même groupe de sociétés contrôlées ou liées par leur actionnariat. Force est de constater que beaucoup de gestionnaires d’actifs (et ce quels que soit leur taille ou leur filiation) doivent prendre en compte, lorsqu’ils prennent des décisions de gestion impliquant&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;des entreprises&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ou des dirigeants clients de leur propre société et/ou des sociétés filles ou affiliées,, le risque que leurs décisions pourrait remettre en cause un lien d’affaires ou des perspectives commerciales intéressantes à court ou moyen terme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Bien évidemment nous sommes tous en permanence confrontés à la question du conflit d’intérêt quand une décision de gestion peut avoir un impact négatif sur un client/prospect et nulle règlementation ou code éthique ne pourra les prévoir à l’avance (et nous ne saurions bien évidemment&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;porter un quelconque jugement dans une telle situation).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Cela pose une question fondamentale à tout gestionnaire d’actifs qui doit agir en son âme et conscience pour le compte de ses clients (certains pouvant avoir des intérêts contraires d’ailleurs) et il ne peut&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;respecter cette obligation qu’en affichant préalablement son code de bonne pratique à l’ensemble de ses clients. Et c’est ce que beaucoup de gestionnaires ont réellement mis en pratique depuis quelques années, notamment dans le cadre de l’Investissement&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Socialement Responsable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Malheureusement, nous sommes dans l’obligation de constater que cette année encore, des entreprises comme Total ou la Société Générale considèrent que le débat en Assemblée Générale sous la forme d’une résolution externe, non&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;agréée par le Conseil d’Administration, est une forme d’agression inopportune et qu’il faut essayer par tous les moyens de bloquer, soit en&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;convoquant&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;une assemblée générale ordinaire et non extraordinaire, pour empêcher de fait&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;le dépôt d’un résolution extraordinaire (Société Générale), soit en refusant de modifier l’ordre du jour de l’assemblée générale avec la résolution externe qui avait règlementairement&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;le&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;capital nécessaire pour être inscrite à l’ordre du jour,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;au prétexte que certains actionnaires s’étaient désistés après le dépôt de la résolution (Total).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Difficile de ne pas s’interroger alors, quand certains gestionnaires qui nous avaient accompagnés dans cette démarche depuis plusieurs mois ont décidé&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;de se retirer et de ne pas poursuivre cette initiative collective et publique. Même si certains parlent en privé, aucun ne voudra officiellement expliquer les raisons qui l’ont poussé à modifier sa position, et pour cause&amp;nbsp;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Tant que le législateur ne renforcera pas&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;le respect absolu de la&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;"muraille de Chine" en séparant les activités de gestion d’actifs des autres activités financières (banque commerciale, banque d’affaires, assurance…), il sera difficile aux gestionnaires d’actifs d’agir en totale indépendance pour leurs clients. Les Etats-Unis avaient introduit la «&amp;nbsp;Glass Steagall Act&amp;nbsp;»&amp;nbsp; en 1933, après la grande crise, (avant de l’abroger en 1999)… Il y a urgence à l’introduire&amp;nbsp;en France !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 318.6pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Phitrust Active Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-3477181432309012308?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/3477181432309012308'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/3477181432309012308'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/05/ag-de-total-et-de-la-societe-generale.html' title='AG de Total  et de la Société Générale… : vous avez dit &quot;Muraille de Chine&quot; ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-4616081647408079156</id><published>2011-05-27T15:37:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-05-27T15:37:31.064+02:00</updated><title type='text'>TOTAL AND SOCIETE GENERALE AGMs: DID YOU SAY “CHINESE WALL”?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 116%;"&gt;For a number of years, the regulators have wanted to introduce strict rules in finance and banking institutions to help avoid potential conflicts of interest which can only arise when clients are common to distinct businesses within the same group of companies which are controlled or linked by their shareholding. There is no denying that many asset managers (irrespective of their size or relationship) have to take into account the risk, when they make management decisions involving companies or directors which are clients of their own company and/or subsidiaries or affiliated companies, that their decisions might call into question a business relationship or attractive short or medium-term business prospects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 116%;"&gt;Obviously, we are all constantly confronted with the issue of conflict of interest when a management decision may have a negative impact on a client/prospect, and no regulations or code of ethics are capable of predicting these in advance (and of course we could not pass any judgment in such a situation).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 116%;"&gt;This raises a fundamental question for all asset managers who have to act in all good faith on behalf of their clients (some of them possibly having conflicting interests for that matter) and they can only respect this obligation by showing their code of good practice to all their clients beforehand. And this is in effect what many managers have done for several years now, particularly within the framework of Socially Responsible Investment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 116%;"&gt;Unfortunately, we have this year once again been forced to observe that companies such as Total and Société Générale consider that General Meeting debate by way of an external resolution, unapproved by the Board of Directors, is a form of inappropriate attack and that efforts should be made to block it using every available means, either by convening an Ordinary rather than an Extraordinary General Meeting as a de facto way of preventing an extraordinary resolution from being filed (Société Générale), or by refusing to amend the agenda of the General Meeting with an external resolution that, according to the rules, had the necessary capital to be placed on the agenda, on the pretext that some shareholders had withdrawn their support after the resolution had been filed (Total).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 116%;"&gt;So it is not surprising we should wonder why some managers who had supported us in this step for several months decided to withdraw their backing and cease their participation in this collective and public initiative. Even if some individuals are willing to discuss it in private, no one is prepared to officially explain the motives that pushed them to change their stance, and with good reason!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;As long as the legislator does not enforce absolute respect of ‘Chinese walls’ by separating asset management activities from other financial activities (commercial banks, investment banks, insurance, etc.), it will prove difficult for asset managers to act in a totally independent manner on behalf of their clients. The US introduced the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933, following the Great Depression&lt;a href="" name="_GoBack"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (before repealing it in 1999). This needs to be introduced in France as a matter of urgency!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 116%;"&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 116%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Investor and Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 116%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-4616081647408079156?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/4616081647408079156'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/4616081647408079156'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/05/total-and-societe-generale-agms-did-you.html' title='TOTAL AND SOCIETE GENERALE AGMs: DID YOU SAY “CHINESE WALL”?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-7962045680991290924</id><published>2011-04-27T11:54:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-04-27T11:54:58.197+02:00</updated><title type='text'>TOTAL REFUSES TO ENGAGE IN DIALOGUE WITH ITS SHAREHOLDERS AT THE GENERAL MEETING</title><content type='html'>In association with Greenpeace and the National Resource Defence Council (USA), PhiTrust filed a draft resolution with 20 institutional shareholders and asset managers with a view to obtaining more complete information each year concerning the risks incurred by intensive oil sand operations in Canada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What could be more natural for shareholders than to want real debate at the General Meeting about the environmental risks associated with intensive operations to extract crude oil from oil sands?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After we had filed our resolution (with nearly 0.93% of the share capital), the Board of Directors noted that two shareholders representing more than 0.43% of capital had since withdrawn their resolutions requests, which means, de facto, that we will not be able to introduce our resolution at the General Meeting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the first time since our SICAV Proxy Active Investors was formed, shareholders have joined us to file a resolution then withdrawn their participation with no official explanation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the SICAV was formed in 2004, every draft resolution filed has been rejected by the company, and we have had to fight to persuade it to accept external resolutions not introduced by the Board.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the same time, company employees have real difficulty each year trying to file resolutions that seem important to them, in an attempt to establish dialogue among shareholders at the General Meeting and thus to reinforce the affectio societatis between the company and its shareholder-employees concerning Total’s corporate vision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this light, is it any surprise that certain directors were re-elected only with small majorities at the General Meeting, even though the Board of Total approved them as “independent” a few years ago, yet all the institutional investors labelled them as “not free from conflicts of interest”?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whilst Total is the leading listed European company, as a matter of urgency it must re-establish a bond of trust with its shareholders if they are to adhere to a sustainable corporate vision, in spite of the sector in which the company operates. This bond cannot be formed by systematically refusing every draft resolution that has not been issued by the Executive Management itself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps now is the time to demand a separation of functions, so that a non-executive Chairman can assume responsibility for re-establishing a connection with all the shareholders and facilitating debate in the General Meeting between the shareholders and the Executive Management? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;br /&gt;Investor and Shareholder&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-7962045680991290924?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/7962045680991290924'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/7962045680991290924'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/04/total-refuses-to-engage-in-dialogue.html' title='TOTAL REFUSES TO ENGAGE IN DIALOGUE WITH ITS SHAREHOLDERS AT THE GENERAL MEETING'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-8106467799566082278</id><published>2011-04-27T11:53:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-04-27T11:53:33.471+02:00</updated><title type='text'>TOTAL refuse le dialogue avec ses actionnaires en assemblée générale</title><content type='html'>En lien avec Greenpeace et le National Resource Defence Council (USA), PhiTrust a déposé avec 20 actionnaires institutionnels et gestionnaires d’actifs un projet de résolution visant à obtenir chaque année une information plus complète sur les risques générés par une exploitation intensive des sables bitumineux au Canada. Quoi de plus naturel que de voir des actionnaires souhaiter un véritable débat en Assemblée Générale sur les risques environnementaux liés à une activité intensive visant à extraire du pétrole des sables bitumineux ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Après notre dépôt de résolution (avec près de 0,93% du capital), un co-déposant s’est retiré officiellement du dépôt collectif. Néanmoins, le Conseil d’Administration de TOTAL aurait constaté qu’un deuxième actionnaire aurait entretemps retiré son dépôt, ce qui amènerait de facto à ce que notre résolution ne puisse être présentée à l’AG.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour la première fois depuis le lancement de notre Sicav Proxy Active Investors, des actionnaires nous accompagnent pour déposer une résolution puis la retirent sans explication officielle.&lt;br /&gt;Depuis 2004 année de la création de la SICAV, chaque projet de dépôt de résolution s’est heurté à un refus de la société et nous avons dû « batailler » pour amener la société à accepter des résolutions externes non présentées par le Conseil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Parallèlement, les salariés de la société ont chaque année un mal certain à déposer des résolutions qui leur paraissent importantes pour essayer de développer un dialogue en Assemblée Générale entre actionnaires et ainsi renforcer l’ « affectio societatis » entre la société et ses salariés-actionnaires autour du projet d’entreprise de Total.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comment s’étonner dans ce contexte que certains administrateurs ne soient réélus qu’à une courte majorité en Assemblée Générale alors même qu’il y a encore quelques années ils étaient qualifiés « d’indépendants » par le Conseil de Total, l’ensemble des investisseurs institutionnels les qualifiant, eux, de « non libres de conflits d’intérêts » ? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alors que Total est la première société cotée européenne, il est urgent qu’elle établisse un nouveau lien de confiance avec ses actionnaires pour qu’ils adhèrent à un projet d’entreprise durable et ce malgré le secteur dans lequel elle intervient. Ce lien ne peut se créer par le refus systématique de tout projet qui ne serait pas issu de la direction générale elle-même.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Peut être est-ce le moment de demander la séparation des fonctions pour qu’un Président non exécutif ait comme responsabilité de recréer un lien avec l’ensemble des actionnaires et faciliter le débat en Assemblée Générale entre actionnaires et direction générale ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;Phitrust Active Investors&lt;br /&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-8106467799566082278?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/8106467799566082278'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/8106467799566082278'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/04/total-refuse-le-dialogue-avec-ses.html' title='TOTAL refuse le dialogue avec ses actionnaires en assemblée générale'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-3817407167430386885</id><published>2011-03-29T11:17:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-03-29T11:17:15.025+02:00</updated><title type='text'>“CALL ME MR CHAIRMAN-CEO”</title><content type='html'>Several companies, such as L’Oréal, have announced that they plan to consolidate powers once again this year following the retirement of their Chairman (often the former Chairman-CEO). In spite of the legislator having just introduced the principle of the separation of powers into French substantive law, the majority of CAC 40 companies have opted for the function of Chairman-CEO for several years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Chairman-CEOs with whom we have regularly and openly discussed the matter, stress the need for a single leader of a company, the risk of friction if there are two leaders, the greater responsibility towards shareholders, the specific French cultural aspect, the need to smooth the transition by separating functions over an interim period, settling the new CEO into his/her role; some even venture forth the need to have the title of Chairman in order to be the sole representative at this level of the company!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some companies for their part have introduced the notion of Lead Independent Director following pressure from international shareholders. This director may convene a Board meeting and stand as chair in the absence of the Chairman-CEO. Even if this enables directors to meet without the Chairman-CEO being present, French law does not currently recognise this function, whereas the Non-Executive Chairman has real responsibility under French law to organise and preside over the work of the Board.&lt;br /&gt;Conversely, many directors maintain in private that a Board meeting with a Chairman-CEO does not operate in the same way as a Board meeting with a separate Chairman and CEO, chiefly due to the fact that there is not as much freedom on the floor and in the case of authoritarian Chairman-CEOs, very few directors will dare to oppose them!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Who could imagine that a Chairman-CEO would be capable of both executing the strategy defined by the Board and monitoring its implementation? Are the examples of Vivendi and Alcatel, to name but two, not proof enough?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Who could imagine that a Chairman-CEO would be capable of both running his/her company and spending the necessary time with the Board and shareholders to lead this community of investors who are co-owners of the company and may be able to support the company should times get tougher?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The role of a Non-Executive Chairman is to lead the Board of Directors, to monitor implementation of the strategy and to be answerable to shareholders for its implementation, and not only once a year at the AGM. Unfortunately, based on the view of many directors and some Chairmen, this final aspect (leading shareholders) is often performed by the CEO or by teams in charge of shareholder relations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our companies need shareholders and, unfortunately, recent regulatory changes have caused our institutional investors to restrict their willingness to invest in shares. Companies need to recreate direct contact with their shareholders and the role of Non-Executive Chairman is pivotal to this, if not imperative !&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-3817407167430386885?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/3817407167430386885'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/3817407167430386885'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/03/call-me-mr-chairman-ceo.html' title='“CALL ME MR CHAIRMAN-CEO”'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-170386249193436137</id><published>2011-03-29T11:12:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-03-29T11:13:16.483+02:00</updated><title type='text'>ACCOR and CARREFOUR: a strategy for one shareholder or for all shareholders?</title><content type='html'>ACCOR and CARREFOUR: here is an example of two listed companies implementing two similar strategies in which the Board of Directors is putting forward to shareholders that business areas should be separated in the aim of promoting wealth creation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both these companies have in the past been the target of takeovers by two shareholders convinced that the strategies pursued by the directors of these two companies should be profoundly called into question in the interest of shareholders. The shareholders therefore gave two other investor-shareholders free rein to significantly change governance and strategy, probably considering that they were to be trusted.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Several years later, faced with a much more stark reality than expected, the new directors may consider that the economic crisis has done little to help them, but they will find it difficult to convince shareholders that the strategy proposed at Accor (separation of business areas) or at Carrefour (partial or complete sale of DIA and of the real-estate company holding the premises of some supermarkets) will be more appropriate than that pursued by their predecessors for a number of years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reality is that, since their respective takeovers, these minority shareholders have not succeeded in developing a new wealth creation strategy. Knowledge that the value of their investment is below their entry price probably leads them to hope that a drastic restructuring strategy, irrespective of the price, is able to encourage an increase in share price in order to allow them to see a return on their investment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The problem with such purely financial strategies is that they do not take into account the history of a company, its fundamental make-up, and that they tend to forget the men and women who represent the true value of the company, more often than not creating such mistrust internally that rebuilding a genuine ‘spirit of cooperation’ around a corporate vision becomes a challenge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As shareholders, we are called on to voice our opinion regarding these changes of strategy, either during the appointment or renewal of directorships or when these companies present their strategic development plan at the General Meeting and which is put to the vote in the management report. Unfortunately, we are forced to observe that shareholders, on the whole, tend to support these strategies with a view to the finance project alone and not taking full account of governance issues and environmental and social constraints.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We will however shortly have the job of voicing our opinion on Carrefour at the General Meeting; will we dare to say no to a purely financial strategy?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-170386249193436137?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/170386249193436137'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/170386249193436137'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/03/accor-and-carrefour-strategy-for-one.html' title='ACCOR and CARREFOUR: a strategy for one shareholder or for all shareholders?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-87875197902380326</id><published>2011-03-14T16:56:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-14T16:57:35.375+01:00</updated><title type='text'>ACCOR, CARREFOUR, une stratégie pour un actionnaire ou pour les actionnaires ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;ACCOR et CARREFOUR , voici deux sociétés cotées mettant en œuvre deux stratégies similaires dans lesquelles le Conseil d’Administration propose aux actionnaires de séparer les métiers dans le but de favoriser la création de valeur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Ces &amp;nbsp;deux sociétés ont été la cible dans le passé de prises de contrôle par deux actionnaires convaincus que les stratégies menées par les dirigeants de ces deux sociétés devaient être profondément remises en cause dans l’intérêt des actionnaires. Les actionnaires ont donc laissé deux autres investisseurs-actionnaires modifier profondément la gouvernance et la stratégie, considérant probablement qu’il fallait leur faire confiance. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Quelques années après, face à la&amp;nbsp; réalité toujours plus difficile que celle anticipée,&amp;nbsp; les nouveaux dirigeants peuvent considérer que la crise ne les a pas aidé, mais il leur sera difficile de convaincre que la stratégie proposée chez Accor (séparation des métiers) &amp;nbsp;ou chez Carrefour&amp;nbsp; (cession partielle ou totale&amp;nbsp; de DIA et de la foncière détenant les murs de certains supermarchés) sera plus pertinente que celle menée par leur prédécesseurs depuis plusieurs années.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;La réalité est que ces actionnaires minoritaires n’ont pas réussi lors de leurs prises de contrôle à développer une nouvelle stratégie créatrice de valeur. Le constat d’une valeur de leurs investissements en dessous de leur prix d’entrée les amène probablement à espérer qu’une restructuration drastique de la stratégie, et ce quelle qu’en soit le prix, &amp;nbsp;puisse &amp;nbsp;favoriser une hausse de l’action pour leur permettre de rentrer dans leurs investissements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Le problème est que de telles stratégies purement financières ne prennent pas en compte l’histoire de l’entreprise, son ADN, qu’elles en oublient souvent les hommes qui sont la vraie valeur de l’entreprise et &amp;nbsp;créent le plus souvent en interne une telle défiance qu’il est difficile de reconstruire autour du projet d’entreprise une véritable &lt;i&gt;«affectio societatis&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;En tant qu’actionnaires, nous sommes appelés à nous prononcer sur ces changements de stratégie soit lors de la nomination ou du renouvellement des mandats &amp;nbsp;des administrateurs, soit lorsque ces entreprises présentent leur évolution stratégique en Assemblée Générale et qui est&amp;nbsp; mise au vote dans le rapport de gestion..&amp;nbsp; Malheureusement nous devons constater que les actionnaires&amp;nbsp; soutiennent le plus souvent ces stratégies en ne regardant que le projet financier et en ne prenant pas en compte les enjeux&amp;nbsp; de gouvernance, les contraintes environnementales et sociales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Nous aurons donc à nous prononcer prochainement sur Carrefour en Assemblée Générale, saurons nous dire non à une stratégie purement financière&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 212.4pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 35.4pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Phitrust Active Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-87875197902380326?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/87875197902380326'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/87875197902380326'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/03/accor-carrefour-une-strategie-pour-un.html' title='ACCOR, CARREFOUR, une stratégie pour un actionnaire ou pour les actionnaires ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-674861176645324490</id><published>2011-03-02T12:53:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-02T12:53:07.908+01:00</updated><title type='text'>« Appelez-moi Mr Le Président Directeur Général »</title><content type='html'>Plusieurs entreprises comme L’Oréal ont annoncé qu’elles allaient réunifier les pouvoirs cette année suite au départ à la retraite du Président ( souvent ancien PDG).Alors même que le législateur avait fini par introduire le principe de la séparation des pouvoirs dans le droit positif français, la majorité des entreprises du CAC 40 ont opté depuis plusieurs années pour la fonction de PDG.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les PDG avec lesquels nous en discutons ouvertement régulièrement insistent sur la nécessité d’un seul dirigeant pour diriger une entreprise, du risque de mésentente si il y a deux dirigeants, de la responsabilité plus importante vis à vis des actionnaires, de notre culture française spécifique, de la nécessité de faciliter la transition en douceur en séparant les fonctions pendant la période intérimaire intronisant le nouveau directeur général… Quelques uns se risquent à évoquer la nécessité d’avoir le titre de Président pour être le seul représentant à ce niveau de l’entreprise !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quelques entreprises ont quant à elles introduit la notion d’administrateur référent ( lead independant director) suite à la pression de leurs actionnaires internationaux. Cet administrateur peut convoquer un conseil et l’animer en l’absence du PDG. Même si cela permet aux administrateurs de se réunir sans le PDG, le droit français ne reconnait pas aujourd’hui cette fonction, alors que le Président non exécutif a une réelle responsabilité en droit français d’organiser et présider les travaux du Conseil d’Administration.&lt;br /&gt;A l’inverse beaucoup d’administrateurs affirment en privé qu’un conseil avec un PDG ne fonctionne pas de la même façon qu’un conseil avec un Président et un directeur général : la parole n’est pas aussi libre et dans le cas de PDG autoritaires, bien peu d’administrateurs osent s’opposer à lui !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Qui pourrait croire qu’un PDG peut à la fois exécuter la stratégie définie par le Conseil et en contrôler l’exécution ? Les exemples de Vivendi, d’Alcatel pour ne citer que ceux là ne sont ils pas suffisants ?&lt;br /&gt;Qui pourrait croire qu’un PDG peut à la fois diriger son entreprise et passer le temps nécessaire avec son conseil et ses actionnaires pour animer cette communauté d’investisseurs qui sont les copropriétaires de l’entreprise et pourront soutenir l’entreprise si les temps sont plus difficiles ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le rôle d’un Président non exécutif est bien d’animer le Conseil d’Administration, de contrôler l’exécution de la stratégie, de rendre compte aux actionnaires de son exécution, et pas seulement une fois par an en Assemblée Générale. Malheureusement de l’avis de beaucoup d’administrateurs et de certains Présidents, cette dernière dimension (l’animation des actionnaires) est souvent effectuée par le directeur général ou par les équipes en charge des relations avec les actionnaires. Nos entreprises ont besoin d’actionnaires et malheureusement les dernières évolutions règlementaires amènent nos investisseurs institutionnels à limiter leurs investissements en actions. Les entreprises ont besoin de recréer un contact direct avec leurs actionnaires et le Président non exécutif en est un rouage essentiel, si ce n’est le plus important !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Phitrust Active Investors&lt;br /&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-674861176645324490?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/674861176645324490'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/674861176645324490'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/03/appelez-moi-mr-le-president-directeur.html' title='« Appelez-moi Mr Le Président Directeur Général »'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-2907615621793369358</id><published>2011-01-27T10:47:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-27T10:47:14.658+01:00</updated><title type='text'>2011: the year of long-term investment?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;10 years have elapsed since the internet crisis. The internet’s heavy influence on the world of finance and particularly on the quotation and tracking of listed securities has in recent years transformed our approach to investing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;While most of us were previously "small-time speculators" - with only institutions taking a long-term approach - the wide availability of instant (often unverifiable) information, the development of real-time trading platforms and the creation of fully-automated market trading rooms have combined to transform radically our relationship with the stock market. It is now much more about long-term investment and taking a strategic approach. This is because, once volatility is taken into account, we are not able/willing to accept an excessively sharp fall in prices which risks causing our clients to lose confidence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;At the same time, as we seek to improve the performance of our portfolios, we make extensive use of the hedging mechanisms at our disposal (options, swaps, trackers, etc), as well as ones that allow a coupon (security loan) to be collected, without wishing to understand that they require sophisticated (and therefore short term) trading techniques in order to be effective.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;Regulators have for their part unwittingly accentuated this pressure by forcing all investors to value their positions at the market price regardless of the holding period. This also leads them to adopt these short-term behaviours, which are today acting as the real market regulators.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;We are thus collectively destroying the very foundation of our business: trust. Both investors and companies need trust to implement strategies which will usually bear fruit only in 5 or even 10 years’ time. Trust is at the heart of our financial system and we play the role of sorcerer's apprentice (to hedge our risk) by using these short-term trading instruments.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;At the dawn of a new year in 2011, is a rebound possible and are we capable of becoming long-term investors once again?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;By becoming long-term shareholders once again&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;, performing our role as shareholders by supporting executives and their boards of directors in implementing long-term growth strategies - in short, no longer acting like "traders" - we can achieve these aims together if we want to.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;We convey our very best wishes for 2011 and hope you become a long-term investor once again to help restore trust in the financial system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-2907615621793369358?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/2907615621793369358'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/2907615621793369358'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/01/2011-year-of-long-term-investment.html' title='2011: the year of long-term investment?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-7852649707220226122</id><published>2011-01-13T16:59:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-13T16:59:12.428+01:00</updated><title type='text'>2011, l’année de l’investissement à long terme ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;10 ans se sont écoulés depuis la crise Internet et l’accélération de la pénétration d’Internet dans le monde de la finance et plus particulièrement pour la cotation et le suivi des valeurs cotées a bouleversé en quelques années notre approche d’investisseur.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Alors que nous étions auparavant des investisseurs «&amp;nbsp;boursicoteurs&amp;nbsp;» pour la plupart, les institutionnels se réservant une approche de long terme, l’irruption de l’information immédiate (souvent non vérifiable), le développement de plateformes de trading en temps réel et la création de salles de marché totalement automatisées ont bouleversé notre relation au marché boursier. Plus question d’investissement à long terme, d’approche stratégique car compte tenu de la volatilité, nous ne pouvons/voulons accepter une baisse trop forte de cours sous peine de perdre la confiance de nos mandants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Parallèlement, cherchant à améliorer le rendement des portefeuilles, nous utilisons massivement les mécanismes mis à notre disposition pour nous couvrir (options, swaps, trackers…), ainsi que ceux qui permettent de percevoir un coupon (prêt de titres) sans vouloir comprendre qu’ils nécessitent des techniques de trading sophistiquées (et donc à court terme) pour être efficaces.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Les régulateurs ont&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;quand à eux sans le vouloir accentué cette pression en obligeant l’ensemble des investisseurs à valoriser au prix de marché leurs positions quelle que soit leur durée de détention, ce qui les amène à intégrer eux aussi ces comportements de court terme qui sont aujourd’hui les vrais régulateurs des marchés…&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Nous sommes ainsi collectivement en train de détruire le fondement même de notre activité&amp;nbsp;: la confiance. &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Aussi bien les investisseurs que les entreprises ont besoin de confiance pour mettre en œuvre des stratégies qui le plus souvent ne verront leur plein effet que dans 5 voire 10 ans. La confiance est le cœur de notre système financier et nous jouons aux apprentis sorciers en utilisant (pour couvrir nos risques) ces instruments de trading à court terme.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;A l’aube de cette nouvelle année 2011, un rebond est il possible, et sommes nous capables de redevenir investisseur à long terme&amp;nbsp;?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Redevenir actionnaire de long terme&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, jouer notre rôle d’actionnaire en accompagnant les dirigeants et leurs conseils d’administration pour mettre en œuvre des stratégies de croissance à long terme, en un mot&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;ne plus être «&amp;nbsp;trader&amp;nbsp;»&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: collectivement&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;nous pouvons le faire si nous le voulons.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Tous nos meilleurs vœux pour 2011 en vous souhaitant&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;de redevenir investisseur à long terme pour restaurer la confiance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Olivier de Guerre&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-7852649707220226122?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/7852649707220226122'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/7852649707220226122'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2011/01/2011-lannee-de-linvestissement-long.html' title='2011, l’année de l’investissement à long terme ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-4139043280245285764</id><published>2010-12-17T15:12:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2010-12-17T15:12:31.567+01:00</updated><title type='text'>LEWEB10+-+Yves+presenting+Tagattitude+in+5+mins</title><content type='html'>&lt;img style="visibility:hidden;width:0px;height:0px;" border=0 width=0 height=0 src="http://c.gigcount.com/wildfire/IMP/CXNID=2000002.0NXC/bHQ9MTI5MjU5NTA4NzUyMCZwdD*xMjkyNTk1MTQ*MDU*JnA9NDAwODMxJmQ9Jm49YmxvZ2dlciZnPTEmbz*4YmE5Y2M1NTAyM2Q*/ZTdmYTRiOTBjZDk2YThjMDJiMiZvZj*w.gif" /&gt;video_player_embed_code_text&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-4139043280245285764?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/4139043280245285764'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/4139043280245285764'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/12/leweb10-yvespresentingtagattitudein5min.html' title='LEWEB10+-+Yves+presenting+Tagattitude+in+5+mins'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-5359640431137701748</id><published>2010-12-10T16:09:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2010-12-10T16:10:15.788+01:00</updated><title type='text'>"SAY ON PAY" RESOLUTION AT RENAULT</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.asyousow.org/news/07Q4/money.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.asyousow.org/news/07Q4/money.gif" width="286" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;As shareholders for more than seven years in Renault, the Board of Directors of the sicav (investment fund) noted that the information given to us on the remuneration paid to Mr Carlos Ghosn was not complete, which is a serious concern to us and our investors. Indeed, the remuneration which was paid to the Renault CEO by Nissan Motors for the 2009 financial year was not mentioned in the section of the management report on the consolidated accounts of the company’s reference document.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In view of the importance of this issue, it seems vital to us that all remuneration which is paid to the Chief Executive within the scope of the Renault-Nissan alliance be clearly disclosed to the shareholders of these two companies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given that Renault is consolidating the accounts with Nissan through the equity method, we wonder why Renault did not notify shareholders of Mr Ghosn’s remuneration at Nissan, as a piece of information that shareholders need in order to consolidate the accounts, within the management report of the consolidated accounts provided for in Article L-233-16 of the French Commercial Code.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In fact, the irreplaceable usefulness of consolidated accounts is undeniable. For shareholders, the information that they contain is often more critical than that provided by the statutory financial statements of the parent company. Noting this, the legislature wished to respond to the law on new economic regulations of 15 May 2001. Consolidated accounts must from now on be approved by the parent company’s General Meeting of Shareholders: "The General Meeting deliberates and decides on all matters relating to the annual accounts and, where appropriate, the consolidated accounts for the preceding financial year".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, the shareholder has a right to be kept informed, in order to be able to check on the company’s business affairs and overall corporate governance. This right to have complete information must ensure that the investor has all the elements needed to be in a position to approve the consolidated accounts.&lt;br /&gt;With Renault shareholders deeming it legitimate to obtain all information required for the consolidation of the accounts in the Group's management report, we therefore ask the Board of Directors of Renault, out of a concern for transparency and sound communication, to notify the General Meeting of the remuneration granted by Nissan to Mr Carlos Ghosn in his role as CEO of Renault, for the financial year ended on 31 December 2009.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, the &lt;a href="http://www.phitrust.com/X02094FR00029020000__SICAV_PROXY_ACTIVE_INVESTORS"&gt;Proxy Active Investors SICAV&lt;/a&gt; asks the Board of Directors of Renault, as a consolidating company, to complete the information relating to the remuneration and benefits granted by the Nissan Group to the corporate officers and directors of Renault within the management report of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, starting from the 2011 financial year.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-5359640431137701748?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5359640431137701748'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5359640431137701748'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/12/say-on-pay-resolution-at-renault.html' title='&quot;SAY ON PAY&quot; RESOLUTION AT RENAULT'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-444622030885162073</id><published>2010-12-10T16:00:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2010-12-10T16:03:51.938+01:00</updated><title type='text'>SEPARATION OF POWERS, REMUNERATION, TRANSPARENCY, VOTE FOR NON-RESIDENTS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2010/02/10/650552de-15be-11df-8e18-210e4d879037.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="218" src="http://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2010/02/10/650552de-15be-11df-8e18-210e4d879037.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span class="leg"&gt;La France occupe la troisième position des pays européens pour la participation des actionnaires.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span class="leg" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;Crédits photo: Le Figaro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As every year, we are preparing the governance improvement proposals which we put forward to the Boards of Directors of CAC 40 companies. Several issues are sensitive these days and will be at the heart of our engagement campaign with companies in 2011:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;The &lt;b&gt;separation of powers&lt;/b&gt;, or how to justify the fact that the same director executes and controls at the same time in very large quoted companies? The numerous examples of governance crises in the last few years have in most cases been linked to an extreme concentration of powers in the hands of the CEO. It seems to us to be essential as shareholders to require a fair division of roles between execution and control. This is even more important in the world of banking, with Société Générale for example being the only major French banking group to have returned to a CEO structure last year.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Remuneration&lt;/b&gt; – or rather the CEO's remuneration structures – will once more return to the top of the agenda, given the excellent company results (particularly in the financial sector) and the variable modes of remuneration in place for directors. Nowadays, it is simply astonishing that companies do not seek to gain acceptance of directors’ remuneration through the majority vote of shareholders (and not only of the Board of Directors) in the context of regulated agreements (as is the case with severance indemnities and retirement benefits). Shareholders need to push companies to seek more legitimacy in setting the framework for such remuneration and make it subject to a vote in the General Meeting of Shareholders in order to restore a certain "affectio societatis" between companies and their shareholders.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transparency&lt;/b&gt; on remuneration is also an important issue if there is a desire for shareholders and all parties to conduct a clear analysis of remuneration structures. How is it possible to justify that in 2010, all remuneration received from the entire Renault Nissan Group by Mr Carlos Goshn is not disclosed to the shareholders of Renault; or that some additional remuneration received by Mr Levy at Publicis is not subject to shareholder vote as required by the law?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;The vote of non-resident shareholders &lt;/b&gt;can also be an annoyance for some directors who do not want to be too closely governed by these investors. How could one otherwise explain the fact that some companies continue to pay their dividend just after the General Meeting, knowing full well that, in order to avoid withholding tax, non-residents will already have lent their securities and will therefore not be voting!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;i&gt;Even as minority shareholders, we have a role to play to improve the transparency and governance of quoted companies. Please do not hesitate to support us!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Investor and Shareholder&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-444622030885162073?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/444622030885162073'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/444622030885162073'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/12/separation-of-powers-remuneration.html' title='SEPARATION OF POWERS, REMUNERATION, TRANSPARENCY, VOTE FOR NON-RESIDENTS'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-7687957608060921618</id><published>2010-12-06T18:02:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2010-12-06T18:03:04.588+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Séparation des pouvoirs, Rémunérations, Transparence, Vote des non résidents …</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2010/02/10/650552de-15be-11df-8e18-210e4d879037.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="217" src="http://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2010/02/10/650552de-15be-11df-8e18-210e4d879037.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span class="leg"&gt;La France occupe la troisième position des pays européens pour la participation des actionnaires.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span class="leg" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;Crédits photo: Le Figaro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;Comme chaque année nous préparons les propositions d’amélioration de gouvernance que nous proposons aux Conseils d’administration des sociétés du CAC 40. Plusieurs sujets sont aujourd’hui&amp;nbsp; sensibles et&amp;nbsp; vont&amp;nbsp; être au cœur de notre campagne d’engagement auprès des entreprises en 2011 : &lt;br /&gt;La séparation des pouvoirs, ou comment justifier dans de très grandes entreprises cotées que le même dirigeant soit à la fois celui qui exécute st qui contrôle ? Les nombreux exemples de crise de gouvernance depuis quelques années ont pour la plupart&amp;nbsp; été liées à une extrême concentration des pouvoirs dans la main du PDG.&amp;nbsp; Il nous parait fondamental de demander en tant qu’actionnaire une juste répartition des rôles entre l’exécution et le contrôle. Cela est d’autant plus important dans le monde bancaire, la Société Générale étant par exemple la seule grande banque française à être revenue l’année dernière à une structure de PDG. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La rémunération ou plutôt les structures de rémunération des PDG vont une fois de plus revenir sur le devant de la scène compte tenu des excellents résultats des entreprises (notamment du secteur financier) et des modes de rémunération variables pour les dirigeants. Nous ne pouvons aujourd’hui que nous étonner que les entreprises ne cherchent pas à&amp;nbsp; faire accepter par le plus grand nombre les rémunérations des dirigeants en les faisant voter par leurs actionnaires (et non seulement par le Conseil d’Administration) dans le cadre des conventions réglementées (comme le sont les indemnités de départ et les éléments de retraite). Il est nécessaire que les actionnaires poussent les entreprises à chercher plus de légitimité en encadrant ces rémunérations et les faisant voter en Assemblée Générale pour restaure une certaine « affectio societatis » entre les entreprises et leurs actionnaires. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La transparence sur les rémunérations est aussi un sujet important si l’on souhaite revenir à une analyse sereine des structures de rémunération par les actionnaires et l’ensemble des parties. Comment justifier qu’en 2010 l’ensemble des rémunérations perçues dans l’ensemble du groupe Renault Nissan par Mr Carlos Goshn&amp;nbsp; ne soit pas communiqué aux actionnaires de Renault ou que certaines rémunérations complémentaires de Mr Levy chez Publicis ne soit pas soumiis au vote des actionnaires comme l’exige la loi ?&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le vote des actionnaires non résidents peut aussi être une gêne pour certains&amp;nbsp; dirigeants qui ne veulent pas être trop soumis à ces investisseurs. Car comment expliquer sinon que certaines entreprises continuent à payer leur dividende juste après l’Assemblée sachant pertinemment que les non résidents pour éviter une retenue à la source auront prêtés leurs titres et donc ne voteront pas ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Même minoritaires, nous avons en tant qu’actionnaire un rôle à jouer pour améliorer la transparence et la gouvernance des sociétés cotées. N’hésitez pas à nous soutenir !&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-7687957608060921618?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/7687957608060921618'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/7687957608060921618'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/12/separation-des-pouvoirs-remunerations.html' title='Séparation des pouvoirs, Rémunérations, Transparence, Vote des non résidents …'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-957156700024882839</id><published>2010-11-24T17:25:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-24T17:28:44.186+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Statoil sells 40 per cent of its tar sands holdings!</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/TO04Vs-JyiI/AAAAAAAAABw/orLfK-M2XO8/s1600/200px-Statoil_logo.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/TO04Vs-JyiI/AAAAAAAAABw/orLfK-M2XO8/s1600/200px-Statoil_logo.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr align="left"&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;Statoil is the biggest offshore oil and gas company in the world&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OR070611_3-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StatoilHydro#cite_note-OR070611-3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and the largest company by revenue in the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Region" title="Nordic Region"&gt;Nordic Region&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-E24061219_4-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StatoilHydro#cite_note-E24061219-4"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;The company is a fully integrated &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_company" title="Petroleum company"&gt;petroleum company&lt;/a&gt; with production operations in thirteen countries and retail operations in eight. By revenue Statoil is in 2009 ranked by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500"&gt;Fortune Magazine&lt;/a&gt; as the world's 13th largest oil and gas company,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fortune500-2009-petro_5-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StatoilHydro#cite_note-fortune500-2009-petro-5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;and as the worlds 36th largest company. (Source: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StatoilHydro"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt;"&gt;23 November 2010 (EDMONTON)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;After two years of cross-Atlantic Greenpeace campaigning against &lt;a href="http://www.statoil.com/en/Pages/default.aspx"&gt;Statoil&lt;/a&gt;'s tar sands investments, Statoil today announced it is selling 40 per cent of its interests in the Alberta &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_sands"&gt;tar sands&lt;/a&gt; project in Canada.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;The official reason given for selling off the holdings to 60 per cent from 100 per cent is to, "optimize the risk and strategic profile of our global portfolio." "&lt;i&gt;It's clear that Europe's so-called "greenest" oil company is realizing just how dirty and risky tar sands development really is&lt;/i&gt;," said Greenpeace climate and energy campaigner Melina Laboucan-Massimo. "It is increasingly evident that companies are starting to understand the mounting environmental, Indigenous and brand risks posed by this devastating resource. The next step is for Statoil to fully sell off its tar sands holding and instead invest in the clean, green, renewable energy the world needs to see."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;A Statoil press release indicates it has agreed to sell 40 per cent to PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP), a Thailand-based company that has a poor environmental and human rights record for their oil and gas developments in Southeast Asia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;This announcement comes just one month after one of Scandinavia's largest mutual fund managers, Swedbank Robur, decided to remove all oil companies invested in tar sands from its ethical funds. Swedbank said the decision was based on the lack of solutions to the environmental and human rights challenges plaguing the industry in Alberta. Swedbank Robur is one of the financial institutions that Greenpeace has been meeting with and encouraging to reconsider its tar sands portfolio.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;"Statoil has finally realized what Greenpeace has been saying all along: That this polluting and destructive development is also financially a very high-risk project," said Martin Norman, climate and energy campaigner for Greenpeace Nordic. "Greenpeace welcomes this announcement but this must only be a beginning. Statoil must disinvest entirely from tar sands extraction."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tar sands oil extraction requires high oil prices to provide profitability and causes large emissions of greenhouse gases, the primary driver of climate change. Tar sands development also causes the destruction of virgin forest, the release of substantial amounts of polluted water and chemicals during the process of extraction, and serious impacts on local first nations' communities with the lose of their hunting grounds, local air and water pollution, and the associated health impacts.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-957156700024882839?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/957156700024882839'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/957156700024882839'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/11/statoil-sells-40-per-cent-of-its-tar.html' title='Statoil sells 40 per cent of its tar sands holdings!'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/TO04Vs-JyiI/AAAAAAAAABw/orLfK-M2XO8/s72-c/200px-Statoil_logo.gif' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-5066075327158355305</id><published>2010-11-09T13:23:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-09T13:23:59.481+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Investissement éthique'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Investissement socialement responsable'/><title type='text'>« Moi, la finance et le développement durable », PEUT-ON ETRE UN EPARGNANT RESPONSABLE ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Moi, la finance et le développement durable&amp;nbsp;» est un film documentaire pédagogique réalisé par Jocelyne Lemaire Darnaud sur les dérives de la finance éthique dit «&amp;nbsp;Investissement Socialement Responsable&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;De quoi ça parle&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Il s’agit d’un documentaire sur nos économies, notre argent que nous confions aveuglément à notre banque ou à des organismes de gestion et dont l’usage n’est pas toujours éthique&amp;nbsp;! Caméra au poing, Jocelyne Lemaire enquête auprès d’une vingtaine d’experts de l’ISR en passant de la pionnière du mouvement, au responsable du développement de l'ISR d’une grosse compagnie d’assurance. Bref, un documentaire très intéressant qui décrypte la boîte noire qu’est la gestion de notre épargne au sein des établissements financiers sur le ton de l’ironie. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;On apprend notamment que certaines banques placent notre argent dans la fabrication d’armes, dans des sites d’exploitation minières ou dans la construction de barrages aux effets dévastateurs sur l’environnement&amp;nbsp;! D’après le rapport de l’ONG &lt;a href="http://www.amisdelaterre.org/"&gt;les Amis de la terre&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.amisdelaterre.org/IMG/pdf/RAPPORT_ISR.pdf"&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Investissement Socialement Responsable, l’heure du tri&amp;nbsp;»&lt;/a&gt;, on retrouve 15 entreprises ayant eu des comportements socialement irresponsables&amp;nbsp; présents dans 89 fonds labellisés ISR par Novethic en 2009 dont 3 entreprises financières AXA, BNP PARIBAS et Deutsche Bank.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Notre feedback&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Le film amène le téléspectateur lambda à prendre conscience de sa responsabilité dans le placement de son épargne et à réfléchir aux moyens d’action pour que sa banque ou son organisme financier intègre une politique de développement durable dans la gestion de son épargne. Le film introduit le débat sur l’exercice des droits de vote des actionnaires minoritaires au sein des AG, de la traçabilité des votes des résolutions aux AG et de la mise en place du vote électronique pour les AG des sociétés du CAC 40. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Une autre question est la pertinence des fonds dits «&amp;nbsp;ISR&amp;nbsp;». Les agences de notation sont aujourd’hui vivement critiquées en raison du manque de transparence de leur financement et donc leur indépendance vis-à-vis des entreprises analysées. Les sénateurs sont d'ailleurs en pleine discussion d'un projet de loi de régulation bancaire et financière sur la publication des honoraires des agences de notation et la provenance de leur financement (art. L.544-4 CMF).&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: &amp;quot;Tahoma&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: &amp;quot;Tahoma&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;De plus, en raison de la multiplicité des agences de notation, de la difficulté à mesurer l’impact social, environnemental des entreprises analysées et du manque de transparence quant à l’accès à l’information, la notation extra-financière d’une entreprise est devenue très difficile. Autre fait important&amp;nbsp;: aucun dirigeant n’a été «&amp;nbsp;débarqué&amp;nbsp;» après la crise financière&amp;nbsp;!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Source: Compte-rendu &lt;a href="http://www.karente.com/asp/PVB/sdataQ1nsNHqXRux8DM==/QVBsdataQuEY-NQ="&gt;Karente &lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bilan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;l’ISR est-il un argument marketing comme les autres pour vendre une gestion de portefeuille portée par une analyse extra-financière douteuse&amp;nbsp;? Y a-t-il des moyens concrets pour les petits investisseurs de se faire entendre au sein des AG des sociétés&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Les fonds d’engagement actionnarial sont une réponse concrète pour les épargnants qui veulent contribuer à l’amélioration des politiques de gouvernance, environnementales, sociales et solidaires au sein des sociétés dans lesquelles ils veulent investir.&amp;nbsp; En effet, via ces fonds les petits épargnants peuvent voter en cohérence avec leurs valeurs aux côtés de grands investisseurs institutionnels et déposer des résolutions. &lt;a href="http://www.phitrust.com/X02095FR00028910000__FCP_EURO_ACTIVE_INVESTORS"&gt;Euro Active Investors est aujourd’hui le seul fonds d’engagement actionnarial en France à avoir obtenu le label «&amp;nbsp;ISR&amp;nbsp;» Novethic avec la mention engagement.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Audrey Gruman&amp;nbsp; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-5066075327158355305?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5066075327158355305'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5066075327158355305'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/11/moi-la-finance-et-le-developpement.html' title='« Moi, la finance et le développement durable », PEUT-ON ETRE UN EPARGNANT RESPONSABLE ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-8285905446125854055</id><published>2010-11-09T11:42:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-09T11:42:33.325+01:00</updated><title type='text'>LVMH/HERMES INTL: WHAT’S THE POINT OF HAVING RULES ON THRESHOLD EXCEEDING IF THESE CAN BE AVOIDED?</title><content type='html'>The announcement by LVMH that it holds nearly 15% of the capital following the unwinding of the Equity&lt;br /&gt;Swap unavoidably alerts us to the growing gap between the letter and the spirit of financial practices.&lt;br /&gt;While LVMH insisted on the fact that it strictly applied French legislation, shouldn’t we question this public&lt;br /&gt;announcement at the end of October, when changes in the rules on threshold-exceeding at the end of&lt;br /&gt;January laid down a period of nine months to comply.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The AMF [Autorité des Marchés Financiers - Financial Markets Authority] had modified its current rules on&lt;br /&gt;threshold-exceeding after long discussions led in collaboration with experts, to incorporate within the rules&lt;br /&gt;all transactions that might lead one day to the holding of more shares and thus exceeding the critical&lt;br /&gt;threshold of 5%, with the aim of encouraging transparency, which is the key to confidence in the financial&lt;br /&gt;markets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In view of the different communiqués and analyses, it seems that the AMF will have to take up a position&lt;br /&gt;based on the fact that, on 24 October, amendments were agreed with the counterparties on equity swap&lt;br /&gt;contracts that had to be closed in cash (and not in shares), which had allowed LVMH not to declare&lt;br /&gt;exceeded thresholds since no shares should have been received.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Is it not also right to question the ethics of the intermediaries who proposed/accepted such a modification&lt;br /&gt;without querying the aim of the operation and therefore whether the spirit of the rules had been adhered&lt;br /&gt;to?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This question had, moreover, been brought up at the time of the Eiffage operation, when the courts ruled&lt;br /&gt;against the Spanish raider, which then had to close its position.&lt;br /&gt;However, it also poses the question of funds, since who could believe that the purchase of these swap&lt;br /&gt;contracts, occurring eventually on almost 50% of the float, had no connection with the security’s volatility&lt;br /&gt;and its rise to levels that were considered exorbitant by most analysts?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even if ethics are often decried in the world of finance, this type of behaviour cannot help but worry many&lt;br /&gt;investors and medium-sized listed businesses that question the behaviour and practices of some&lt;br /&gt;intermediaries. The current penalty (loss of voting rights for several years) is clearly insufficient in&lt;br /&gt;discouraging those who rely on rules that cannot instantly respond to the constant inventiveness of&lt;br /&gt;financial intermediaries and their lawyers!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Respect of certain ethical rules is probably one of the keys to a return of confidence on financial markets&lt;br /&gt;and collectively we must make every effort to respect them in order to accompany businesses in their&lt;br /&gt;development and preserve those that succeed as a result of purely financial strategies that do not respect&lt;br /&gt;the spirit of the rules.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PhiTrust Active Investors&lt;br /&gt;Investor and Shareholder&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-8285905446125854055?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/8285905446125854055'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/8285905446125854055'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/11/lvmhhermes-intl-whats-point-of-having.html' title='LVMH/HERMES INTL: WHAT’S THE POINT OF HAVING RULES ON THRESHOLD EXCEEDING IF THESE CAN BE AVOIDED?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-5005554628268801366</id><published>2010-11-08T10:56:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-08T10:56:10.997+01:00</updated><title type='text'>L'AMF va enquêter sur l'entrée de LVMH dans Hermès</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.easybourse.com/bourse/distribution/article/17973/lamf-va-enqueter-sur-lentree-de-lvmh-dans-hermes.html"&gt;L'AMF va enquêter sur l'entrée de LVMH dans Hermès&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-5005554628268801366?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.easybourse.com/bourse/distribution/article/17973/lamf-va-enqueter-sur-lentree-de-lvmh-dans-hermes.html' title='L&apos;AMF va enquêter sur l&apos;entrée de LVMH dans Hermès'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5005554628268801366'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/5005554628268801366'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/11/lamf-va-enqueter-sur-lentree-de-lvmh.html' title='L&apos;AMF va enquêter sur l&apos;entrée de LVMH dans Hermès'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-311386652912092998</id><published>2010-11-03T16:13:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-03T16:13:01.983+01:00</updated><title type='text'>LVMH/HERMES INTL : A QUOI PEUT BIEN SERVIR LA REGLEMENTATION SUR LES FRANCHISSEMENTS DE SEUIL S’IL EST POSSIBLE DE S’EN AFFRANCHIR ?</title><content type='html'>L’annonce par LVMH de la détention de près de 15% du capital suite au débouclement d’Equity Swap ne peut que nous interpeller sur l’écart croissant entre la lettre et l’esprit dans les pratiques financières.&lt;br /&gt;Alors que LVMH a insisté sur le fait qu’elle a strictement appliqué la législation française, on peut s’interroger sur cette annonce publique fin Octobre et ce alors même que la modification de la règlementation sur les franchissements de seuil fin Janvier donnait un délai de neuf mois pour s’y conformer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L’AMF avait modifié son règlement de place sur les franchissements de seuil après de longs échanges avec les professionnels pour intégrer dans la règlementation toutes les transactions qui peuvent amener un jour à détenir plus d’actions et donc à franchir le seuil fatidique des 5% et ce dans le but de favoriser la transparence, clé de la confiance dans les marchés financiers.&lt;br /&gt;Au vu des différents communiqués et analyses, il semble que l’AMF aura à se positionner sur le fait que le 24 Octobre 2010 des avenants ont été conclus avec des contreparties sur des contrats d’ «equity swap » qui devaient se dénouer en espèces (et non en actions) ce qui avait permis à LVMH de ne pas déclarer de franchissements de seuils car ils n’auraient pas du recevoir d’actions…&lt;br /&gt;Ne peut on aussi s’interroger sur l’éthique des intermédiaires qui ont proposé/accepté une telle modification de contrat sans s’interroger sur la finalité de l’opération et donc sur le respect de l’esprit de la règlementation ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cette question avait d’ailleurs été soulevé en son temps lors de l’opération Eiffage, la justice jugeant contre l’attaquant espagnol qui a du dénouer sa position depuis lors.&lt;br /&gt;Mais elle pose aussi une question de fonds car qui pourrait croire que l’achat de ces contrats de swap intervenant in fine sur presque 50% du flottant n’a pas eu de lien avec la volatilité du titre et sa hausse à des niveaux considérés comme exorbitants pour l’ensemble des analystes ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Même si l’éthique est souvent décriée dans le monde de la finance, ce type de comportement ne peut qu’inquiéter nombre d’investisseurs et d’entreprise moyennes cotées qui s’interrogent sur le comportement et les pratiques de certains intermédiaires. La sanction actuelle (ne pas disposer de droits de vote pendant quelques années) est clairement insuffisante pour décourager ceux qui s’appuient sur une règlementation qui ne peut instantanément répondre à l’inventivité permanente des intermédiaires financiers et de leurs avocats !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le respect de certaines règles éthiques est probablement une des clés d’un retour à la confiance sur les marchés financiers et nous devons collectivement nous attacher à les respecter pour accompagner les entreprises dans leur développement et préserver celles qui réussissent de stratégies purement financières qui ne respectent pas l’esprit de la règlementation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Phitrust Active Investors&lt;br /&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-311386652912092998?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/311386652912092998'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/311386652912092998'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/11/lvmhhermes-intl-quoi-peut-bien-servir.html' title='LVMH/HERMES INTL : A QUOI PEUT BIEN SERVIR LA REGLEMENTATION SUR LES FRANCHISSEMENTS DE SEUIL S’IL EST POSSIBLE DE S’EN AFFRANCHIR ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-1502028732880550089</id><published>2010-11-03T12:49:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-03T12:49:14.768+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Les dirigeants du célèbre sellier demandent au patron de LVMH de renoncer à sa prise de participation annoncée le 23 Octobre</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;C'est dit de façon courtoise mais ferme. La famille Hermès et la direction du groupe demandent à Bernard Arnault, patron de LVMH, de se retirer du capital de la maison de luxe, spécialisée dans la maroquinerie et les foulards de soie, selon un entretien de Bertrand Puech et Patrick Thomas mercredi dans le Figaro. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;"Si vous voulez être amical, Monsieur Arnault, il faut vous retirer", indiquent les deux dirigeants, ajoutant que la famille est "unanime" à ce sujet. Bertrand Puech est un descendant du fondateur, de la cinquième génération, et préside la société familiale Emile Hermès, alors que Patrick Thomas est le gérant du groupe. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Bernard Arnault a annoncé il y a une dizaine de jours avoir pris 17% du capital de Hermès; La famille est le principal actionnaire du groupe Hermès à hauteur de 73%. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Selon M. Arnault, il s'agit d'une participation "amicale". Ce que réfute la famille Hermès qui révèle avoir été prévenue 3 heures avant l'annonce. "Cette arrivée n'a rien d'amical. Elle n'a été ni désirée, ni sollicitée. Il n'y avait de menace d'aucun fonds d'investissement, d'industriel du luxe ou de groupe chinois (...) comme LVMH l'a prétendu", explique ainsi Patrick Thomas. Bertrand Puech de son côté "pense que M. Arnault a lancé une bataille financière".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Les deux dirigeants ont encore indiqué se "poser beaucoup de questions" à propos des moyens d'acquisition de ces 17%, via des instruments financiers à terme, et ont déclaré faire "confiance" à l'Autorité des marchés financiers, qui doit se prononcer sur cette opération. Son président, Jean-Pierre Jouyet, a de fait regretté que la réglementation boursière ait permis au groupe de Bernard Arnault d'accumuler secrètement des parts au sein d'Hermès.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;"Quand on voit les structures qui ont permis de mener cette attaque, on constate qu'il s'agit de filiales de LVMH basées au Luxembourg, aux Etats-Unis et surtout au Panama, qui n'est pas le pays le plus transparent en termes de régulation financière et d'origine des fonds", relève de plus Patrick Thomas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;"Il est très probable qu'il (LVMH) monte au capital, je ne connais pas ses intentions", poursuit-il. "Mais la famille Hermès est extrêmement soudée et décidée à garder le contrôle par sa commandite, qui a été créée pour protéger la culture de ce joyau construit depuis six générations".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 212.4pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 35.4pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Phitrust Active Investors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-1502028732880550089?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/1502028732880550089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/1502028732880550089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/11/les-dirigeants-du-celebre-sellier.html' title='Les dirigeants du célèbre sellier demandent au patron de LVMH de renoncer à sa prise de participation annoncée le 23 Octobre'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-2512297344322512920</id><published>2010-10-25T15:01:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-10-25T15:01:37.209+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Greenpeace tells BNP-Paribas  " Stop dangerous radioactive investments"</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: navy; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Voici une news intéressante concernant le financement d'un réacteur nucléaire par BNP Paribas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: navy; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;--- Greenpeace International is a partner of BankTrack. Together we campaign against private sector banks and nuclear investments. for an overview please have a look here: &lt;a href="http://www.nuclearbanks.org---/"&gt;www.nuclearbanks.org---&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: navy; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: navy; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Paris, France, 21 October 2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This morning, Greenpeace activists in a number of European countries (1) called on the international bank BNP Paribas to “stop radioactive investments”, including its plans to fund an obsolete, dangerous nuclear reactor in Brazil.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In Paris, Greenpeace activists used a BNP decorated armoured truck to deliver millions of fake ‘radioactive BNP-Paribas notes’ to AREVA’s, headquarters, the company that is building &lt;a href="http://www.banktrack.org/show/dodgydeals/angra_3_nuclear_power_plant"&gt;Angra 3&lt;/a&gt;, exposing the nuclear link between the two.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The banking group, which provides more finance to nuclear industry than any other bank in the world (2), is planning to &lt;b&gt;provide crucial financing for the construction of the nuclear reactor Angra 3, just 150 kilometres from Rio de Janeiro&lt;/b&gt;, as part of a French banking consortium. The total amount that is reported to be negotiated is €1.1 billion.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;"Angra 3 must be cancelled. It uses technology that pre-dates the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and that would not be permitted for use in the countries that are financing it. There has been no proper safety analysis and the legality of the project is in doubt. It will not benefit the people of Brazil,” said Jan Beránek Greenpeace International nuclear campaigner.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;“BNP’s customers have the right to know that their bank is misusing their money. Brazil does not need more nuclear electricity, it has abundant wind, hydro and biomass resources for energy – all of which provide cheaper options without creating environmental and health hazards,” he continued.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The construction of Angra 3 started in 1984 and stopped in 1986 following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, when banks withdrew their funding. Most of the equipment that will be used to build the reactor pre-dates Chernobyl and has been left on the site for the last 25 years. It is now dangerously obsolete.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Angra 3 falls far behind current generation of reactor technologies, which themselves suffer safety problems, construction delays and skyrocketing costs. Any large-scale upgrades and adaptations required to integrate new safety requirements will lead not only to higher construction costs, but also increase the risk of unplanned outages during its operation. There are additional safety concerns, such as, in its planning, there was no risk-analysis carried out, in clear violation of international standards (3). And, it is accessible only via one road, which frequently is blocked due landslides.&amp;nbsp; As is the realty for all nuclear reactors, there is still no permanent or safe solution for storing hazardous nuclear waste, which remains lethal for millennia.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;"The financial players have been telling us for too long they are not responsible for the direction of energy, it is a political problem. In reality, it is they as well as manufacturers who allow these dangerous nuclear projects to see the light of day,"said Sophia Majnoni d’Intignano, Greenpeace France nuclear campaigner.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;"It is high time that the banks fulfil their responsibilities. Greenpeace calls on BNP Paribas to announce its immediate withdrawal from Angra 3 and allow full transparency on its radioactive investments.”&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Greenpeace launched this campaign on 16 October, when volunteers began putting posters up around BNP branches and stickers on its ATM machines asking the public: "Do you know what your bank does with your money?"&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: navy; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;"&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-2512297344322512920?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/nuclear/2010/BNP%20Paribas%20and%20dangers%20of%20nuclear%20financing%20nuclear%20power.pdf' title='Greenpeace tells BNP-Paribas  &quot; Stop dangerous radioactive investments&quot;'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/2512297344322512920'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/2512297344322512920'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/10/greenpeace-tells-bnp-paribas-stop.html' title='Greenpeace tells BNP-Paribas  &quot; Stop dangerous radioactive investments&quot;'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-6252797655114030255</id><published>2010-10-11T17:07:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-10-11T17:07:09.432+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Chairman or CEO, guarantor and/or manager?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val="before"/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val="&amp;#45;-"/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val="off"/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val="0"/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val="subSup"/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="267"&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.blogger.comhttp://img2.blogblog.com/img/video_object.png" style="background-color: #b2b2b2; " class="BLOGGER-object-element tr_noresize tr_placeholder" id="ieooui" data-original-id="ieooui" /&gt; &lt;style&gt;st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) }&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;The Ethos Proxinvest seminar once again highlighted the need to convince directors and senior executives of the importance of a separation of powers at the head of major groups.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Participants were unanimous in the view that it is important in major listed companies for there to be one person in charge of chairing the Board and overseeing the execution of strategy (acting as guarantor), and another serving as Chief Executive Officer (acting as executive manager), a separation which exists in the case of a Supervisory Board but is not mandatory for a Board of Directors. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;It seems of still more fundamental importance, however, to establish corporate governance that:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;enables the CEO to rely on the advice of the      Chairman in difficult situations (most Chairmen tell us that this is a      substantial part of their job); &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;provides for a Board that has greater freedom of      expression (in the opinion of all directors with experience of both types      of organisation); &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraph"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;ensures a seamless transition in the event of death, resignation or      even enforced separation (as a number of recent examples have once again      illustrated).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraph"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;The publication of extracts from the book written by the former Director of Communication at Société Générale clearly illustrates the extreme isolation that surrounds the Chairman/CEO in times of crisis… and, sadly, other crises of this kind may well arise. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A number of Chairmen/CEOs raised objections this year on the grounds of title, with that of CEO being perceived as of “lower status” despite holding all the powers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps in France we could – as the Swiss have done - adopt the title of Board Chairman (rather than non-executive Chairman) and Executive Chairman (a title once employed by Carlos Ghosn). This would have the merit of clearly stipulating the functions of each while retaining the term “Chairman” in both titles. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;As investors, do we not have a duty to ensure the best possible governance in the companies making up our portfolio? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This, in any event, will be the guiding principle of our campaign this year, since we are convinced that this type of governance is an urgent necessity in today’s business world, to give our leading companies every possible advantage in remaining undisputed leaders. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-6252797655114030255?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/6252797655114030255'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/6252797655114030255'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/10/chairman-or-ceo-guarantor-andor-manager.html' title='Chairman or CEO, guarantor and/or manager?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-1917860611209868320</id><published>2010-10-11T12:07:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-10-11T12:09:47.576+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Président ou CEO, Garant et/ou gérant ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Le séminaire Ethos Proxinvest a une fois de plus montré la nécessité de convaincre les administrateurs et dirigeants de la nécessité de la séparation des fonctions pour les grands groupes.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tous les participants ont en effet considéré qu'il était important dans les grandes sociétés cotées qu'une personne soit en charge de l'animation du Conseil et du contrôle de l'exécution de la stratégie (le garant) tandis qu'une autre soit le dirigeant exécutif (le gérant), séparation qui existe avec les Conseils de Surveillance mais n'est pas obligatoire avec les Conseils d'Administration... Mais il paraît encore plus fondamental de mettre en place une gouvernance qui&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;permette au CEO de s'appuyer sur les avis de son Président en cas de situation difficile (la plupart des Présidents nous expliquant que c'est une partie importante de leur job),&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;assure un conseil plus libre dans son expression (de l'avis de tous les administrateurs ayant connu les deux types d'organisation...) &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;assure une transition sans heurts en cas de décès, démission, voire de séparation forcée (plusieurs exemples récents nous l'ont encore montré).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La publication d'extraits du livre de l'ancien directeur de la communication de la Société Générale montre clairement l'extrême solitude du PDG quand la crise est là... Et malheureusement d'autres crises de ce type peuvent arriver. Certains PDG nous ont objecté cette année la question du titre, le DG étant "moins considéré" même si il a tous les pouvoirs. Peut-être pourrions-nous nous appuyer en France sur la qualification retenue en Suisse de président du Conseil (et non président non exécutif) et président de la direction (terme utilisé en son temps par Carlos Goshn). Cela aurait le mérite de bien préciser les fonctions de chacun tout en gardant la terminologie de "président". &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;En tant qu'investisseur, n'avons-nous pas un devoir de nous assurer de la meilleure gouvernance possible dans les sociétés de notre portefeuille ? Ce sera en tout cas l'esprit de notre campagne cette année car nous sommes convaincus de l'urgente nécessité de ce type de gouvernance dans le monde d’aujourd’hui pour donner a nos plus belles sociétés tous les atouts pour demeurer des leaders incontestés.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Phitrust Active Investors&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Investisseur et Actionnaire&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-1917860611209868320?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/1917860611209868320'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/1917860611209868320'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/10/president-ou-ceo-garant-etou-gerant.html' title='Président ou CEO, Garant et/ou gérant ?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-8980051529871522906</id><published>2010-09-23T16:15:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-09-23T16:15:52.038+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Kesa (the third largest electrical group in Europe) suffers remuneration revolt</title><content type='html'>Une nouvelle alerte de PIRC, cabinet de conseil anglais indépendant spécialisé dans les questions de gouvernance et de responsabilité sociale des entreprises:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kesa Electricals registered a significant protest over&lt;br /&gt;remuneration at its AGM last week.&lt;br /&gt;According to the company’s RNS statement there was a vote of&lt;br /&gt;approximately 80% in favour, with 11.5% opposing and the&lt;br /&gt;remainder abstaining. PIRC had recommended a vote against.&lt;br /&gt;The company also saw a smaller revolt on the resolution seeking&lt;br /&gt;to approve the adoption of a new LTIP. 5% opposed with a further&lt;br /&gt;7.5% abstaining.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-8980051529871522906?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/8980051529871522906'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/8980051529871522906'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/09/kesa-third-largest-electrical-group-in.html' title='Kesa (the third largest electrical group in Europe) suffers remuneration revolt'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-3808703869047586335</id><published>2010-09-01T14:23:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-09-01T14:23:19.929+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Mind the pay gap: Companies will be required to disclose regularly the ratio of the median annual pay of all their employees to that of their chief executive.</title><content type='html'>Une nouvelle alerte de PIRC, cabinet de conseil anglais indépendant spécialisé dans les questions de gouvernance et de responsabilité sociale des entreprises:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We’ve commented previously in PIRC Alerts about the ramifications of the widening pay gap between executives and other employees. The FT reports that the Dodd-Frank reform bill contains a little-noticed provision that is likely to increase scrutiny in this area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under the provision companies will be required to &lt;b&gt;disclose regularly the ratio of the median annual pay of all their employees&lt;/b&gt; to that of their chief executive. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given that the US leads the field in high executive pay, expect some eye-watering ratios to be disclosed as a result.&lt;br /&gt;Could the UK follow suit? There is currently a consultation underway at BIS in respect of narrative reporting. It includes a question about the adequacy of directors remuneration reporting requirements. Could this be an opportunity to raise the idea of disclosure of pay ratios for UK companies?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-3808703869047586335?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/3808703869047586335'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/3808703869047586335'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/09/mind-pay-gap-companies-will-be-required.html' title='Mind the pay gap: Companies will be required to disclose regularly the ratio of the median annual pay of all their employees to that of their chief executive.'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-7369784444184074992</id><published>2010-08-24T14:32:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-08-24T14:32:42.698+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Une première! : Le gouvernement indien refuse un projet d’exploitation des mines en Inde</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Une première : Le gouvernement indien refuse un projet d’exploitation des mines en Inde, très rentable, car il serait contraire aux droits tribaux des populations qui seraient affectées.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Voici l'article de PIRC, cabinet de conseil anglais indépendant spécialisé dans les questions de gouvernance et de responsabilité sociale des entreprises:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the BBC, India's environment ministry has refused permission for the UK-listed mining group to go ahead with the development. It reports that the ministry received a report from a four-member panel, which investigated &lt;b&gt;alleged violations of environmental laws&lt;/b&gt; by Vedanta in Orissa, last week. This argued&lt;br /&gt;that going ahead with the mine would deprive tribal groups of their rights over the site.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The proposed bauxite mine has become a high-profile issue, with campaigners arguing that it will have a &lt;b&gt;severe detrimental impact on the local community&lt;/b&gt;, in particular the Dongria Kondh tribe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The company’s AGM last month was the subject of noisy protests outside, whilst a number of investors raised concerns about how the company was handling questions about ESG issues.&lt;br /&gt;The company in turn has sought to portray both campaigners and concerned investors as ignorant of the challenges facing countries like India which are going through rapid economic development.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-7369784444184074992?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/7369784444184074992'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/7369784444184074992'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/08/une-premiere-le-gouvernement-indien.html' title='Une première! : Le gouvernement indien refuse un projet d’exploitation des mines en Inde'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-8305585161454188764</id><published>2010-07-27T12:37:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-07-27T12:38:12.658+02:00</updated><title type='text'>YOU SAID “IMPROVING GOVERNANCE”?</title><content type='html'>The General Meetings season is coming to an end but there is a sense of unfinished business, due to the reconsideration of numerous issues accepted by all and in particular by major institutional investors: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Separation of the functions of Chairman and CEO&lt;/b&gt;: at a time when risks facing businesses are increasing, the combination of these functions is becoming normal.  But can it reasonably be justified that the Chairman &amp; CEO is also responsible for strategy implementation and control?  Can the appointment of a Lead Independent Director without powers or personal liability towards third parties be an improvement in governance?  An example in the banking sector which is in fact a counter-example: Société Générale combined the functions in 2009 while at the same time Switzerland made it compulsory that year for financial operators to separate these functions!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Appointment of independent directors&lt;/b&gt;: the proposed definition of the independence of Directors in the Vienot report over ten years ago has still not made much headway in our French context.  And, while in the US there is practically no Directors who are also bankers, France stands out on account of its record level of qualified bankers who are also independent directors!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Rampant take-over&lt;/b&gt;: this year again, several cases of takeover without payment of the relevant price have raised concerns amongst investors regarding the difficulties faced by minority shareholders to oppose such strategies.  For instance isn’t the current situation at Saint Gobain, Accor, Carrefour a cause for concern?  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;b&gt;The right of minorities to present resolutions&lt;/b&gt;: this year again one company, namely Société Générale, has refused to include a resolution on the agenda (it was Total’s speciality with regard to employees…) although it was not contrary to French laws.  This type of rejection can only justify the more radical positions adopted by some minority shareholders who are refused the most fundamental of rights: that of asking the opinion of shareholders as a whole!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;b&gt; Directors' remuneration&lt;/b&gt;: In 2010, Publicis takes first place when it comes to transparency over remunerations. It refused to present as a regulated-party agreement an agreement for on additional remuneration of €25m which is profit-based and payable at the retirement of Maurice Levy, whose retirement is continuously postponed! Unfortunately Directors’ remunerations are still a prime target for the media… and surveys show that it is a very sensitive issue. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some will argue that there is no immediate danger, that, in these times of crisis, businesses need to consolidate their system, that governance of French companies is today one of the best in the world.  But what are we to understand from the fact that Franck Riboud (Danone) and Henri de Castries (AXA) both absolutely legitimate have been re-elected with only 80% of the votes while their assistant CEO’s (Emmanuel Faber and Denis Duverne) have been re-elected with 99% of the votes. It is due to their capacity as the Chairman &amp; CEO, or to the remuneration level which is frequently criticised in the media? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While businesses today need all their shareholders to face current challenges and in particular to protect themselves against the risks of rampant takeover, we are surprised to see that many companies still do not take into account the main governance principles recommended by investors by relying for example on double voting rights, although the Saint Gobain case has proved that these rights have promoted rampant takeover. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The principles of good governance are known to all. Our companies’ Boards of Directors should let themselves by guided by these principles if they want to have the support of all their shareholders.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1213919164591038726-8305585161454188764?l=engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/8305585161454188764'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1213919164591038726/posts/default/8305585161454188764'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://engagementactionnarial.blogspot.com/2010/07/you-said-improving-governance.html' title='YOU SAID “IMPROVING GOVERNANCE”?'/><author><name>PhiTrust Active Investors</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14466577858043361568</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ix3j8MqP_dQ/S_0Hd5IDx3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/QXzKXbKTVSk/S220/Photo_olivier.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1213919164591038726.post-6814293165742841908</id><published>2010-07-16T15:24:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-07-16T15:24:54.754+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Vous avez dit « amélioration de la gouvernance » ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;La saison des Assemblées Générales s’achève et elle laisse un goût d’inachevé tant les reculs sur des sujets acceptés par tous et notamment les grands investisseurs institutionnels sont nombreux :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Séparation des fonctions de Président et Directeur Général :&lt;/b&gt; alors même que les risques sont de plus en plus importants pour les entreprises, la réunification des fonctions devient normale presque « un must ». Mais comment justifier raisonnablement que le PDG soit à la fois responsable de l’exécution et du contrôle de la stratégie ? L’introduction d’un vice président (lead independent director) sans pouvoir ni responsabilité personnelle vis-à-vis des tiers peut elle être une « avancée » de gouvernance ?  Un exemple dans le secteur  bancaire qui est malheureusement  un contre exemple: la Société Générale a réunifié les fonctions en 2009 alors que parallèlement la Suisse a obligé cette année les acteurs financiers à séparer les fonctions !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nomination d’administrateurs indépendants:&lt;/b&gt; la qualification d’indépendance proposée pour les administrateurs par le rapport Vienot il y a plus de dix ans a toujours du mal à avancer dans notre contexte français. Et alors qu’aux Etats Unis il n’y a quasiment plus d’administrateurs parallèlement banquiers, la France se distingue par un taux record de banquiers qualifiés d’administrateurs indépendants !&lt;br /&gt;Prise de contrôle rampante: cette année encore plusieurs cas de prise de contrôle sans en payer le prix ont interpellé les  investisseurs qui  s’interrogent sur la difficulté à voir les investisseurs minoritaires s’insurger contre ces stratégies. Comment ne pas s’inquiéter  par exemple de la situation actuelle de Saint Gobain,  d’Accor, de Carrefour … ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Droit  des minoritaires à présenter des résolutions :&lt;/b&gt; cette année encore une société La Société Générale a refusé d’inscrire une résolution à l’ordre du jour (Total s’en était fait une spécialité avec les salariés …) et ce alors même qu’elle n’était pas contraire au droit français. Ce type de refus ne peut que légitimer des prises de position plus radicales de  certains investisseurs minoritaires à qui l’on refuse le droit le plus élémentaire : celui de  demander l’avis de l’ensemble des actionnaires !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rémunération des dirigeants :&lt;/b&gt; Publicis a en 2010 la palme de la transparence sur les rémunérations, refusant de présenter en convention réglementée une convention sur une rémunération complémentaire de 25 M € qui est liée aux résultats et payable au départ de Mr Levy, départ toujours repoussé ! Malheureusement les rémunérations des dirigeants sont toujours une cible de choix dans les médias… alors même que les sondages indiquent que c’est un sujet très sensible.&lt;br /&gt;Certains nous diront qu’il n’y pas de péril en la demeure, que les entreprises ont besoin dans ces temps de crise de resserrer leur dispositif, que la gouvernance des sociétés françaises est une des meilleures aujourd’hui  dans le monde. Mais comment interpréter que Mr Riboud (Danone) et de Castries (AXA) tous les deux très légitimes  aient été réélus avec seulement 80% des voix alors même que leurs Directeur généraux délégués  (Mr Faber et Duverne) étaient eux réélus avec 99% des voix. Est-ce dû à leur statut de PDG,  ou bien à un niveau de rémunération régulièrement critiqué dans les médias ? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alors même que les entreprises ont besoin aujourd’hui de tous leurs actionnaires pour répondre aux enjeux actuels et notamment pour se protéger contre des risques de prise de contrôle rampante, nous nous étonnons de voir encore des entreprises ne pas tenir compte des grands principes de gouvernance recommandé par les investisseurs en s’appuyant par exemple sur les droits de vote double alors que le cas St Gobain a montré que ces droits avaient favorisé la prise de contrôle rampante. Les principes de bonne gouvernance sont connus de tous. &lt;b&gt;Les Conseils d’Administration de nos entreprises devraient s’en inspirer s’ils souhaitent le so
